Oxyanthus speciosus Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Oxyanthus

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree 2–6(–12) m. (or more fide I.T.U.) with horizontal glabrous branches; bark smooth.. Leaf-blades elliptic to oblong, 7.2–25.5 cm. long, 2.9–12.5 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, shining, entirely glabrous or pubescent beneath; domatia present; petiole 0.7–1.5 cm. long; stipules triangular or lanceolate, 0.6–2 cm. long, 0.3–1 cm. wide, acute.. Inflorescences many-flowered, forming oblong or conical panicles 2–5 cm. long (excluding the flowers); flowers fragrant; peduncle 3–10 mm. long, glabrous or pubescent; pedicels (0–)1–5 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles narrowly lanceolate, 1.25–9 mm. long, pubescent.. Calyx glabrous or pubescent; tube 1.5–2 mm. long; limb-tube 0.75–1.75 mm. long, not or scarcely wider than tube; lobes triangular, acute, 1–2.5 mm. long, ciliate to pubescent.. Corolla-tube glabrous, 1.8–7 cm. long, 1–1.5 mm. wide, pubescent inside; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 0.5–1.8 cm. long, 1.25–3 mm. wide, acute.. Anthers exserted, long acuminate, with 2 well-marked sagittate basal appendages, usually different in colour to the thecae when dry.. Stigmatic club pale green, fusiform, 1–1.5 mm. long.. Fruit globose, ellipsoid, spindle-shaped or fusiform, 1.7–6.3 cm. long, 0.9–3 cm. wide, rounded, acute or constricted at apex to give a bottle-neck shape, glabrous, rather thick-walled; calyx-limb persistent.. Seeds ochre or light brown, 4 mm. long, striated.
More
Shrub or small tree, (1)3-12 m high. Leaves large, up to 0.3 x 0.15 m, petiolate; domatia as hairy tufts in nerve axils. Stipules green, ovate, deciduous. Flowers in dense, axillary panicles. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes linear; tube campanulate. Corolla 5-lobed, white, glabrous; lobes narrowly elliptic, acuminate, contorted; tube long, narrowly cylindric, hairy within. Stamens 5, arising in corolla mouth, usually exserted; anthers linear, sessile, with curved apiculus. Disc annular. Style filiform, exserted; stigma fusiform. Flowering time Nov.-Feb. Fruit baccate, ellipsoid, many-seeded. Seeds somewhat compressed, striate.
Inflorescences present in top node or more usually in the next 2–4 nodes down, many-flowered, forming oblong or conical panicles, 2–5 cm long (excluding the flowers); peduncles 3–10 mm long, glabrous or pubescent; branches apparent in mature inflorescences; pedicels (0)1–5 mm long; bracts/bracteoles 1.25–9 mm long, ovate or narrowly lanceolate, pubescent or ciliate.
Leaf blades 7.2–25.5 × 2.9–12.5 cm, elliptic to oblong, acuminate at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, shiny, entirely glabrous or pubescent beneath; lateral nerves in 9–14 main pairs; domatia present; petiole 7–15 mm long; stipules 6–20 × 3–10 mm, triangular or lanceolate, acute, mid-nerve not apparent.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 4-8 m high. The bark is smooth and the branches hang over. The leaves are oblong and 16 cm long by 5 cm wide. They are shiny. The flowers are white and in groups in the axils of leaves. They have a scent. The fruit are black and shiny. They are 5 cm long.
Fruit 1.5–6.3 × 0.9–3 cm, globose, ellipsoid, spindle-shaped or fusiform, rounded, acute or constricted and bottle-neck-shaped at apex, glabrous, thin-to rather thick-walled (not in the Flora Zambesiaca area); calyx limb persistent.
Calyx glabrous or pubescent; tube 1.5–2 mm long; limb-tube 0.75–1.75 mm long, not or scarcely wider than tube; lobes 1–3.5 mm long, triangular, acute, ciliate to pubescent.
Anthers exserted, long acuminate, with well marked sagittate basal appendages, usually different in colour to the thecae when dry.
Corolla tube glabrous, 1.8–7 cm × 1–1.5 mm, pubescent inside; lobes 5–18 × 1.2–3 mm, oblong-lanceolate, acute.
Shrub or small tree 2–6(12) m tall with horizontal glabrous branches; bark smooth.
Seeds ochre or light brown, 4 mm long, striated (fingerprint-like).
Pollen presenter 1–1.5 mm long, pale green, fusiform.
A shrub or tree, to 50 ft. high
Fragrant white flowers
Dark shining foliage
Flowers fragrant.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in the rainforest usually near streams. It suits humid locations. It can be in the lowlands or mountains. In Nigeria it is recorded at 1,830 m above sea level. It grows in gaps exposed to light in the forest.
More
Riverine, lowland, submontane, montane and upper montane forest. Thicket. An understorey tree, common in forest and in secondary scrub.
In forest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The stem is used as a chewstick. The leaves are soaked in palm wine to produce a smell and make it more intoxicating.
Uses animal food environmental use fuel material medicinal wood
Edible fruits stems
Therapeutic use Chewstick (unspecified), Fever (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Oxyanthus speciosus world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Congo, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, eSwatini, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Oxyanthus speciosus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:758814-1
WFO ID wfo-0000261824
COL ID 4BCF5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Oxyanthus speciosus

Lower taxons

Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. gerrardii Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. mollis Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. speciosus Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus