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Paliurus spina-christi Mill.

Jeruselem thorn (en), Épine-du-Christ (fr), Paliure épine-du-Christ (fr), Paliure (fr), Porte-chapeau (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rhamnaceae > Paliurus

Characteristics

Shrubs or rarely small trees, deciduous, to 5 m tall. Young branches ± densely brownish pubescent, mature branches soon glabrescent. Stipular spines 2 per node; longer one erect, to 2 cm; shorter one hooklike, recurved; petiole 3-13 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, symmetric to ± asymmetric, 2-4 × 1.5-3.5 cm, papery, 3-to pinnately veined, with 3-6 pairs of secondary veins, base obtuse to cordate, margin inconspicuously serrate, apex obtuse. Flowers 3-6 mm in diam., glabrous, in axillary cymes. Pedicel 4-8 mm, pubescent. Calyx tube disk-shaped; lobes deltoid, adaxially slightly keeled. Petals cucullate, ± distinctly recurved during anthesis. Stamens slightly shorter than petals. Disk thin, nectariferous. Ovary 2-or 3-loculed; style 2-or 3-fid. Drupe disk-shaped, 1.5-3.5 cm in diam., glabrous, base conical, often with persistent sepals, apex rounded; wing broad and thin, 5-12 mm, papery, margin entire, ± undulate; mesocarp thin; endocarp obovoid. Seeds obovoid; testa brownish, shiny. 2n = 24.
More
Shrubs, 2–4 m, branchlets brownish pubescent, glabrescent. Stipular spines 2 per node, 1 straight, 1–2 cm, 1 shorter and recurved. Leaves: blade ovate to oblong-ovate or elliptic, 2–4 cm, herbaceous, base obtuse to cordate, often slightly oblique, margins shallowly and sometimes obscurely serrate or denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous or abaxial slightly hairy along veins. Inflorescences 5–11-flowered. Samaras tan to brownish, glabrous; wing disciform, ± circular, perpendicular to fruit axis, thin, 1.5–3.5 cm diam., with fine radiating, dichotomizing, and anastomosing venation, margin entire, undulate. 2n = 24.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 4.0
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Hedges, roadsides and thickets, in maquis and garigue on dry sandy hills; at elevations up to 3,000 metres.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses bee plant environmental use food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal social use
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Antihypertensive agents (fruit), Anti-infective agents (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Hypercholesterolemia (fruit), Hypolipidemic agents (fruit), General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Anal diseases (fruit), Anthelmintics (fruit), Antipyretics (fruit), Appetite stimulants (fruit), Asthma (fruit), Blister (fruit), Burns (fruit), Chest pain (fruit), Constipation (fruit), Contusions (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Emollients (fruit), Headache (fruit), Heartburn (fruit), Inflammation (fruit), Liver diseases (fruit), Measles (fruit), Pain (fruit), Stomach diseases (fruit), Depurative (fruit), Abscess (leaf), Analgesics (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Arthritis (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Blister (leaf), Burns (leaf), Chest pain (leaf), Constipation (leaf), Contusions (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Headache (leaf), Heartburn (leaf), Hematologic diseases (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Hypertension (leaf), Pain (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Analgesics (root), Arthritis (root), Anthelmintics (seed), Asthma (seed), Blister (seed), Burns (seed), Chest pain (seed), Constipation (seed), Contusions (seed), Headache (seed), Heartburn (seed), Pain (seed), Stomach diseases (seed), Analgesics (stem), Arthritis (stem), Astringent (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Mouthwash (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Snake bites (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Paliurus spina-christi habit picture by Renaud Brochiero (cc-by-sa)
Paliurus spina-christi habit picture by christophe gorla (cc-by-sa)
Paliurus spina-christi habit picture by philoup (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Paliurus spina-christi leaf picture by Desanti (cc-by-sa)
Paliurus spina-christi leaf picture by bülent balkan (cc-by-sa)
Paliurus spina-christi leaf picture by Georgia C (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Paliurus spina-christi flower picture by Gianpaolo Bragagnini (cc-by-sa)
Paliurus spina-christi flower picture by josé Gaze (cc-by-sa)
Paliurus spina-christi flower picture by Ago (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Paliurus spina-christi fruit picture by Zeb (cc-by-sa)
Paliurus spina-christi fruit picture by Valérie Kaas (cc-by-sa)
Paliurus spina-christi fruit picture by John Walsh (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Paliurus spina-christi world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, Cyprus, Algeria, Spain, Fiji, France, Georgia, Croatia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Nepal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:717707-1
WFO ID wfo-0000471780
COL ID 6TJQB
BDTFX ID 47370
INPN ID 112061
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ziziphus spina-christi Rhamnus paliurus Paliurus aculeatus Paliurus australis Paliurus trinervatus Paliurus solitarius Paliurus vulgaris Paliurus petasus Paliurus incurvus Paliurus microcarpus Ziziphus paliurus Paliurus paliurus Rhamnus horrida Rhamnus australis Paliurus clypeiformis Ziziphus spina-christi var. microphylla Paliurus spina-christi
WorldFloraDB 2024