Papaver rhoeas L.

Corn poppy (en), Grand coquelicot (fr), Coquelicot (fr), Pavot coquelicot (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Papaveraceae > Papaver

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, setose throughout, rarely glabrous. Stems erect, 25-90 cm tall, branched, yellowish setose. Leaves alternate; blade lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3-15 × 1-6 cm, both surfaces yellowish setose, veins prominent abaxially and slightly concave adaxially, pinnatifid, below divided; lobes lanceolate and bipinnatilobate, above parted or again lobed; lobes lanceolate, uppermost one serrate-pinnatilobate, terminal lobes usually large; lobules apically acuminate; lower leaves petiolate but upper ones sessile. Flowers solitary on stem and branch apices, bowl-shaped, 6-9 cm in diam. Pedicel 10-15 cm, compressed yellowish setose. Flower buds nutant, oblong-obovoid, setose. Sepals 2, green, broadly elliptic, 1-1.8 cm, adaxially setose. Petals 4, rich scarlet, occasionally mauvish, pink, orange, or white, with or without a basal dark blotch or flecking, orbicular, transversely broadly elliptic or broadly obovate, 2.5-4.5 cm, overlapping, entire, rarely crenate or apex incised. Stamens many; filaments dark mauve or purplish, filamentous, ca. 8 mm; anthers blue, oblong, ca. 1 mm. Ovary obovoid, 7-10 mm, glabrous; stigmas 8-12, actinomorphic, united into compressed disk, margin crenate. Capsule broadly obovoid, 10-18 mm, glabrous, inconspicuously costate. Seeds many, reniform-oblong, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-Aug. 2n = 14.
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Annual herb; rosette tufted; stems erect, usually sparsely hispid, 30-60-(100) cm tall. Lvs dull green, 7-20 × 1-8 cm, at least the lower petiolate. Lamina narrow-ovate to triangular, cuneate at base, sparsely to densely hispid, pinnatifid to 2-pinnatisect, the upper becoming less divided. Pedicels to 30 cm long, with fine spreading hairs throughout. Sepals hispid, 10-20 × 5-10 mm. Petals red, rarely pink or white, 2-4 × 2.5-6 cm, usually with dark, sometimes white, basal blotch. Capsule subglobose to broadly obovoid, widest above 1/2 way, flat-topped, rounded at shortly stipitate base, slightly ribbed, glabrous, 10-15-(20) × 8-15 mm. Stigmatic disc = width of capsule, flat when ripe; rays (5)-8-12-(18).
Plant annual, caulescent, sometimes subscapose, to 0.8 m high, hispid to setulose, without prickles. Stems simple or usually branching. Leaves to 15 cm long; upper leaves often somewhat clustered, not stem-clasping; lamina pinnately or bipinnately lobed; lobes not prickle-tipped. Peduncle sparsely to densely spreading-or ascending-hispid throughout. Petals to 35 mm long, white, pink, orange or red, often with dark basal spot. Stamens: filaments purple, filiform; anthers bluish. Ovary glabrous; stigmas 5–18; disc ± flat. Capsule sessile or substipitate, turbinate to subglobose, to 2 cm long, less than 2 times longer than wide, obscurely ribbed, glabrous.
Plants to 8 dm, hispid to setulose. Stems simple or usually branching. Leaves to 15 cm; distal often somewhat clustered. Inflorescences: peduncle sparsely to moderately spreading-hispid throughout. Flowers: petals white, pink, orange, or red, often with dark basal spot, to 3.5 cm; anthers bluish; stigmas 5-18, disc ± flat. Capsules sessile or substipitate, turbinate to subglobose, obscurely ribbed, to 2 cm, less than 2 times longer than broad.
Sparingly branched annual (biennial) to 1 m, ± hispid, the peduncles spreading-hispid throughout; lvs pinnately divided, the pinnae usually lobed or incised; buds 0.5–2 cm, pet 1.5–4 cm, variously red, purple, pink, white, or streaked, often with a basal dark spot; fr glabrous, ovoid to subglobose, 1–2 cm; stigmatic rays 8–15, typically 10; 2n=14. Native of Eurasia and N. Afr., widely escaped in our range, but seldom abundant. May–Sept.
An annual plant which grows up to 60 cm high. It is 15 cm across. The leaf shape and flower colour can vary. The leaves are soft and hairy and deeply divided. The leaves are 5-20 cm long. The leaves are green, not blue-green. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. The flowers are 6-10 cm across. The flower petals have a dark spot at the base. The seed capsules are 0.8-1.5 cm wide. They are smooth.
Same as for P. aculeatum, with following distinguishing characters: Annual, occasionally perennial herb, 0.1-0.9 m high, forming robust cushions; glabrous or hairy, not bristly or spiny. Leaves amplexicaul, pinnately incised or pinnately compound, ± glabrous. Flowers solitary on elongated, bristly peduncles. Petals bright red, sometimes with black marks, drying magenta. Stamens brownish black.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.15
Mature height (meter) 0.55 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It does not do well on acid soils. It prefers a well drained sandy soil in a sunny position. It can grow in arid places. It Argentina it grows from sea level to 900 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 5-9. Tasmania Herbarium.
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A common weed of cultivated land and waste places, avoiding acid soils. Becoming far less frequent on cultivated land due to modern agricultural practices.
Occurs along open roadsides, in cultivated fields and dumps.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

The seed is eaten raw or cooked. They can be used in stews. They are used in caked, breads and rolls. The young leaves are eaten raw or cooked. They are used in soups. The dried leaves are eaten with honey. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. A syrup can be prepared from the scarlet flower petals. The flowers are chewed and sucked. A red dye from the petals is used to flavour wine.
Uses animal food dye environmental use food food additive material medicinal oil ornamental poison social use vertebrate poison
Edible flowers fruits leaves pods roots seeds shoots stems tubers
Therapeutic use Antitussive agents (flower), Expectorants (flower), Hypnotics and sedatives (flower), Hypohidrosis (flower), Narcotics (flower), Pain (flower), Respiratory tract diseases (flower), Hypnotics and sedatives (fruit), Narcotics (fruit), Fever (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Narcotics (plant exudate), Fever (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Angina (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Antitussive (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified), Cancer(Kidney) (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hoarseness (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Soporific (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Tumor(Heart) (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Poison(Veterinary) (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They are planted where they are to grow. The fine seed are scattered over the soil surface. Plants should be spaced 15-20 cm apart.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 15
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Papaver rhoeas habit picture by Paul FRANCK (cc-by-sa)
Papaver rhoeas habit picture by Filip Arndt (cc-by-sa)
Papaver rhoeas habit picture by Maria Linardo (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Papaver rhoeas leaf picture by johann (cc-by-sa)
Papaver rhoeas leaf picture by stayoutoftheforest (cc-by-sa)
Papaver rhoeas leaf picture by Vinciane Bertrand (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Papaver rhoeas flower picture by L. Crutzen (cc-by-sa)
Papaver rhoeas flower picture by Loïc Le Roux (cc-by-sa)
Papaver rhoeas flower picture by Miia Pajo (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Papaver rhoeas fruit picture by Felicite Zongo (cc-by-sa)
Papaver rhoeas fruit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Papaver rhoeas fruit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Papaver rhoeas world distribution map, present in Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Canada, China, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Russian Federation, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306058-2
WFO ID wfo-0000481006
COL ID 6TM6N
BDTFX ID 75277
INPN ID 112355
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Papaver commutatum Papaver aegadicum Papaver uniflorum Papaver tumidulum Papaver paucisetum Papaver pseudohaussknechtii Papaver polytrichum Papaver montenegrinum Papaver stipitatum Papaver rhoeas Papaver cruciatum Papaver commixtum Papaver anisotrichum Papaver balanocarpum Papaver guerlekense Papaver feddeanum Papaver rapiferum Papaver segetale Papaver fuchsii Papaver tenuissimum Papaver thaumasiosepalum Papaver subumbilicatum Papaver segetale Papaver robertianella Papaver roubiaei Papaver rusticum Papaver rumelicum Papaver agrivagum Papaver caudatifolium Papaver cereale Papaver caespitosum Papaver ameristophyllum Papaver integrifolium Papaver intermedium Papaver insignitum Papaver hookeri Papaver erraticum Papaver erucifolium Papaver dodonei Papaver chelidonioides Papaver chanceliae Papaver cinerascens Papaver inornatum Papaver interjectum Papaver osswaldii Papaver omphalodeum Papaver propinquum Papaver spurium Papaver rhopalothece Papaver rhoeas var. strigosum Papaver rhoeas subsp. strigosum Papaver dubium var. stipitatum

Lower taxons

Papaver rhoeas var. himerense