Parinari capensis Harv.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Chrysobalanaceae > Parinari

Characteristics

A dwarf shrub, with very long branched rhizomes, and erect caespitose branched stems, often very short but up to 75 cm. tall, covered above with yellow or silvery hairs, glabrescent below.. Leaves shortly petiolate, narrowly oblanceolate to oblong or oblong-elliptic, 4–11.5 × 1.5–5.8 cm., rounded (sometimes emarginate) to broadly obtuse, basally cuneate to rounded or cordate, glabrous and green above, thickly white-tomentose beneath; primary nerves 15–30 “pairs,” obvious on both surfaces.. Inflorescence terminal, or axillary to the uppermost 1 or 2 leaves, paniculate, branched; panicles usually dense and shaggy with long ± spreading silvery or brown hairs; cymes commonly triflorous.. Flowers 4–6.5 mm. long (from base of calyx).. Calyx cup-shaped, ± abruptly and unilaterally gibbous, the lobes (1.5–)1.75–2(–3) mm. long, triangular.. Filaments of fertile stamens 1.5–1.75(–2) mm. long; staminodes 0.5–1.0 mm. long.. Style 3–3.5 mm. long, shaggy towards the base.. Drupe subglobular or obovoid-globular, yellow when mature, but black and liberally spotted with light brown patches of cork when dried.
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Extensively rhizomatous, geoxylic suffrutex; stems nearly always less than 30 cm tall, exceptionally (only in S Mozambique and Natal) up to 1-2(?5) m tall. Leaf-lamina from 9 x 1.2 to 10.5 x 4 cm, more or less elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic, usually gradually tapering to the acute (very rarely subacuminate) or subacute apex and base, lower surface whitish; petiole 0.2-0.5 cm long; stipules c. 1.5 x 0.4 cm, papery, caducous. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, up to 6.5 x 4 cm; inflorescence-axes and outside of flowers whitish-tomentose. Receptacle-tube 0.35 cm long. Sepals, petals and stamens 0.2 cm long; staminodes 0.05 cm long. Style 0.3 cm long. Drupe ellipsoid, up to 3 x 2 cm.
A shrub. It has underground stems. These are woody and up to 1 cm thick. This forms a branching network. Aerial stems arise from these. These can be 20 cm high. There are a few erect leaves. The leaf blade is sword shaped and 8 cm long by 1.5 cm wide. The lower surface has a white felt. The flowers are in loose clusters. They are cream coloured. The fruit is oval and fleshy. They are 1.8 cm long and have one seed. The fruit has a strong smell.
Leaf-lamina from 9 x l·2 to 10·5 x 4 cm., more or less elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic, usually gradually tapering to the acute (very rarely subacuminate) or subacute apex and base, lower surface whitish; petiole 0·2–0·5 cm. long; stipules c. 1·5 x 0·4 cm., papery, caducous.
Extensively rhizomatous, geoxylic suffrutex; stems nearly always less than 30 cm. tall, exceptionally (only in S. Mozambique and Natal) up to 1–2(?5) m. tall.
Inflorescence terminal and axillary, up to 6·5 x 4 cm.; inflorescence-axes and outside of flowers whitish-tomentose.
Sepals, petals and stamens 0·2 cm. long; staminodes 0·05 cm. long. Style 0·3 cm. long.
Drupe ellipsoid, up to 3 x 2 cm.
Receptacle-tube 0·35 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows amongst rocks and in sand and clay soils. It can be in seasonally flooded grassland. It grows between 900-1,200 m above sea level. In Zimbabwe it grows between 1,200-1,600 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It grows in poor savannah soils.
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Edges of dambos, on sandy, especially seasonally waterlogged oligotrophic soils and on Kalahari sands, where trees are absent, forming large patches not touched by cattle; secondary grassland following destruction of woodland by fire, cultivation etc
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The sweet outer layer of the fruit is eaten. It is buried in the sand to become ready to eat. It can be dried and eaten as a soft cake. It is also used to make beer. Juice of the fruit can be drunk fresh or boiled to a firm consistency. The crushed kernels are eaten as a relish with meat.
Uses food gene source medicinal
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds. The ripe fruit are buried and the flesh allowed to rot,. Then the seed is put in boiling water that is then allowed to cool and soak for 12 hours. Root suckers can also be used.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Parinari capensis unspecified picture

Distribution

Parinari capensis world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:727084-1
WFO ID wfo-0000817669
COL ID 4DMG5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Parinari capensis Parinari capensis var. latifolia Parinari capensis subsp. latifolia Parinari curatellifolia var. fruticulosa Parinari capensis f. obtusifolia Ferolia capensis

Lower taxons

Parinari capensis subsp. capensis Parinari capensis subsp. incohata