Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Chrysobalanaceae > Parinari

Characteristics

A tree up to 15 m. tall but often considerably less, the bark corky, longitudinally fissured, and the crown rounded in well-grown examples.. Leaves petiolate, variable in shape, but usually oblong or oblong-elliptic, 6.5–12 (–17) × 3.5–6(–9) cm., apically rounded (sometimes emarginate), basally cuneate to cordate (sometimes asymmetrically), coriaceous or ± so, green and glabrous above or with a tomentose midrib, silvery-grey to fulvous-brown-tomentose beneath, sometimes very thickly so, with very prominent midrib and close, subparallel primary nerves.. Inflorescence an open or dense, terminal or axillary panicle, with abundant silvery to fulvous hairs; cymes 2–3-flowered.. Flowers 4–8 mm. long, sweetly smelling.. Calyx rather asymmetrically cup-shaped, ± gibbous ventrally; receptacle internally very shaggy at the throat; calyx-lobes triangular, 1.75–4 mm. long (the dorsal pair a little longer than the others), acute, erect or spreading at anthesis.. Petals white or very pale mauve, not exceeding the calyx-lobes.. Filaments of fertile stamens 1.5–2.75 mm. long; staminodes 0.5–1.5 mm. long, often ± hidden by the throat hairs.. Ovary shaggy; style 3–5 mm. long.. Drupe ellipsoid-ovoid, up to 3.5 × 2.5 cm., edible, yellow when fresh, dark brown when dry and covered in variable density with light-brown patches of cork.
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A tree that grows up to 12-20 m tall. The trunk is clean. The bark is rough and fire resistant. The young branches are hairy. The leaves are simple and oblong. They are 4-11 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. They narrow towards the base. The upper surfac e is shiny dark green and the lower surface is dull and covered with felt. The veins are conspicuous and run straight to the edge of the leaf. The flower buds occur in sprays at the ends of the branches. The flowers are pale green and have a strong sweet scent. The fruit are 2.5-4 cm long. They are olive green covered with rough grey spots. They become yellowish-red when ripe. The flesh of the fruit clings to the kernel. The fruit are edible. There are 2 subspecies.
Leaf-lamina up to 8·5 x 5·5 or 10 x 4 cm., narrowly or broadly oblong-elliptic, apex rounded or emarginate, very rarely subacute, base usually subcordate, rarely subacute, lower surface usually yellowish; petiole 0·5–1 cm. long; stipules up to 2 x 0·5 cm., papery, caducous.
Tree, up to 12 m high. Leaf lamina discolorous, elliptic, apex rounded. Flowers 4-6 mm in diameter, in compact heads. Fruit oval to round, up to 50 x 35 mm, russet-yellow, greyish scaly and pitted. Flowers light purple to cream.
Inflorescence terminal and axillary, up to 15 x 15 cm.; inflorescence-axes and outside of flower usually (in our area) fulvous-or ferruginous-tomentose, sometimes whitish-tomentose.
Bark grey-black, rough, deeply and closely rectangularly fissured.
Stamens 8; filaments 0·2–0·3 cm. long; staminodes 0·05 cm. long.
Crown dense, rounded, umbrella-shaped, casting heavy shade.
Small or medium-sized evergreen tree 3–20 m. tall.
Flowers white tinged with pink, fragrant.
Drupe broadly ellipsoid, up to 4 x 3 cm.
Sepals and petals 0·25 cm. long.
A savannah tree, to 25 ft. high
Receptacle-tube 0·45 cm. long.
Leaves pale green beneath
Style 0·4 cm. long.
Black fissured bark
Petals white.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 2.1
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to tropical Africa. It is common on sandy soils and in open deciduous woodland. It is very sensitive to frost and cold. It grows in areas with an annual rainfall between 700-1,500 mm. It is often in poorly drained soils with a high water table. Plants can re-grow after fire. It grows in areas between sea level and 2,100 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It grows in Miombo woodland in Africa.
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Characteristic of wooded grassland with a high water-table and poor drainage. Deciduous woodland; scattered in upland grassland, often persisting in secondary bushland and cultivated land, sea level to 2,100 metres.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-9
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten. The fruit are gathered after they fall. The skin and seeds are discarded but the pulp eaten. The fruit are used to make drinks-both intoxicating and non intoxicating. The seeds are used for flavouring and as raw nuts. They are also pounded for soup.
Uses animal food bee plant charcoal dye eating environmental use fodder food forage fuel gene source gum invertebrate food material medicinal oil ornamental poison soap social use species timber wood
Edible fruits leaves nuts seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Seeds should be collected fresh from fruit on the tree. The flesh is removed and the seeds dried in the shade. The seeds are sown shallowly. The seedlings need to be transplanted carefully to avoid damage to the taproot. They can be transplanted after 2 years.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Parinari curatellifolia unspecified picture

Distribution

Parinari curatellifolia world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, eSwatini, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Parinari curatellifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:727095-1
WFO ID wfo-0000817683
COL ID 4DMGH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ferolia mobola Irvingia mossambicensis Parinari mobola Parinari chapelieri Parinari gardineri Ferolia curatellifolia Parinari curatellifolia subsp. mobola Parinari curatellifolia