Parmentiera cereifera Seem.

Candle tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Bignoniaceae > Parmentiera

Characteristics

Small tree to 20 cm d.b.h. and 7 m tall, usually several-branched near the base, the main branches strongly ascending, the crown open; twigs terete, subpuberulous, the nodes often double with a pair of small leaves in the axil of a larger pair, foliaceous pseudostipules sometimes present, 6-10 mm long and 3-4 mm wide. Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate; leaflets elliptic to elliptic-rhomboid, acute to acuminate, basally attenuate, the terminal leaflet 3.6-9.5 cm long and 1.4-4 cm wide, the lateral leaflets 3.0-6.5 cm long and 1.4-3.6 cm wide, membranaceous, secondary veins in 4-6 pairs, somewhat lepidote at least beneath, simple-puberulous along the midvein above and beneath, espe-cially in axils of lateral nerves, usually with a few plate-shaped glands along the mid-vein beneath, drying olive to blackish; petiolules not differentiated, petiole conspicuously winged, 2.4-6.2 cm long, the wing to 0.4 cm wide, widest apically and basally attenuate, the midrib slightly scabrous. Inflorescence a single cauliflorous flower or a fascicle of 2-3 flowers borne on abbreviated short-shoots on larger branches or trunk, the pedicels lepidote, 0.9-1.6 cm long. Flowers with musky odor, the calyx spathaceously split on the ventral side, 1.9-4.9 cm long and 0.9-2.9 cm wide, inconspicuously lepidote, at least at the base; corolla pure white, tubular with a horizontal pleat midway across the lower side of throat, slightly fleshy, 3.7-6.4 cm long and 1.8-2.9 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 2.5-4.0 cm long, the lobes basally fused, 1.0-1.1 cm long, mostly glabrous throughout, the epidermal cells apparently glandular, a few stalked-lepidote trichomes at the level of stamen insertion inside and on lobes outside; stamens subexserted, the anther thecae thick, partially divergent, 5-8 mm long, the anterior filaments 2.6-3.5 cm long, inserted 1.1-1.8 cm from base of corolla tube, the posterior filaments 2.7-3.2 cm long, inserted 1.2-1.7 cm from the base of the corolla tube, the staminode 1.0-1.9 cm long, inserted 0.9-2.3 cm from the base of corolla tube; pistil 3.1-4.8 cm long, the ovary linear-cylindrical, 7-8 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide, glabrous with glandular epi-dermis, the ovules irregularly 8-10-seriate; disc annular-pulvinate, 1.5-2 mm long and 6 mm wide. Fruit elongate-linear, subterete in cross section, 39-54 cm long and 1.0-2.4 cm wide, glabrous to sparsely lepidote, waxy yellow, divided into a fleshy part surrounding the seeds and a fibrous central core surrounded by the seeds; seeds small, thin, 3-4 cm long and 3-4 cm wide, with a narrow but distinct mucilaginous wing.
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A small evergreen tree. It grows 7 m tall. It develops branches from near the base of the trunk. The limbs spread and arch in an untidy manner. The leaves have 3 leaflets and are light green. The leaflets are 6.5 cm long. The leaf stalks have wings. The flowers are showy and greenish-white. They are 5 cm long. They are bell-shaped and have frilly lips. They are produced on the stems and trunk. The fruit is a capsule 54 cm long. It is a dull yellow and hangs from the trunk and branches.
Tree to 7 m, 20 cm Ø. Leaflets oblong, acuminate, 4-8 by l½-3½ cm. Flowers cauliflorous, nocturnal, white, slightly fragrant. Calyx spathaceous, 3 cm; corolla 5-6 cm. Berry pale yellow, pendent, candle-like, smooth, 30-100 by l½-2½ cm.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to Panama. It grows on limestone formations. It can tolerate some drought. It is best in full sun or bright shade. It needs well drained soil. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Limestone formations. Humid limestone woodlands.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The fruit are eaten.
Uses animal food environmental use food material medicinal
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Cyanogenetic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Parmentiera cereifera unspecified picture

Distribution

Parmentiera cereifera world distribution map, present in Cameroon, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Taiwan, Province of China

Conservation status

Parmentiera cereifera threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:110245-1
WFO ID wfo-0000779489
COL ID 4DPTK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446996
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Parmentiera cereifera