Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Santa maria feverfew (en), Parthénium matricaire (fr), Absinthe marron (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Parthenium

Characteristics

Annual herb to-50 cm tall; stems erect, much branched, to 4 mm diam., strigillose with hairs 0.3 mm long. Leaves lanceolate above to pinnately dissected below, 2.5-8 cm long, 0.2-4.5 cm wide, acute, the base attenuate, both surfaces strigillose with hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, the margin entire or deeply lobed. Inflorescence paniculiform, of numerous small heads; peduncles 5-8 mm long. Heads radiate, 2.5-3 mm tall; outer involucre cupulate, 4-5 mm diam., the bracts 5, separate, narrowly ovate, 1.6-2.2 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, acute, abaxial surface strigose with hairs 0.2 mm long, the margin herbaceous, the inner bracts 5, uniseriate, each attached abaxially to the base of a ray floret, two disc paleas and two included sterile disc florets also attached to the base of the ray floret on the adaxial side (the whole unit termed an "achene complex" (Fig. 56C), each of the two disc florets and enclosing paleas is additionally attached from the base to near the apex of the achene by a thin rib); paleas elliptic, 1 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, apically fimbriate; ray florets 5, the ligules light yellow, ovate, 0.6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, emarginate; disc florets perfect, 25-50, the corollas light yellow, narrowly funnelform, 0.3 mm diam., the throat 1 mm long, the ovary sterile, filiform, 0.7 mm long. Achenes flattened, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm diam.; pappus of two broad awnis 0.5 mm long. Chromosome number n= 17.
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Erect taprooted annual, (0.2–) 0.3–1.75 (–2.0) m high, mostly single-stemmed and much branched above; stems and leaves pubescent and glandular-punctate or resin-dotted. Leaves bipinnatisect; lower leaves 4–13 (–20) cm long, 3–4 (–7) cm wide; upper leaves less divided and smaller. Capitula in terminal panicles, 3–5 mm diam., white. Outer involucral bracts ovate, 1.5–2.0 mm long, pilose; inner involucral bracts circular, 2.0–2.2 mm long, pilose on margin. Ray florets with ligules 0.5–0.7 mm long, broad, truncate to emarginate. Disc florets cream. Achenes 1.7–2.0 mm long, plano-convex, black; apex and centre of each face densely white-papillose. Pappus of 2 broad membranous scales, c. 0.5 mm long, white.
Annuals, (10–)30–120+ cm. Leaf blades ovate to elliptic, 30–180+ × 10–50(–90+) mm, (1–)2-pinnately lobed (ultimate lobes lanceolate to linear, 3–50 × 2–15 mm), faces sparsely to densely scabrellous and gland-dotted (seldom with additional erect hairs 1–2 mm). Heads obscurely radiate, borne in open, paniculiform arrays. Peduncles 1–8(–15+) mm. Phyllaries: outer 5(–6), lance-elliptic, 2–4 mm, inner 5(–6) ovate to ± orbiculate, 2.5–4 mm. Pistillate florets 5(–6); corolla laminae reniform or orbiculate to oblong, 0.3–1 mm. Disc florets 12–30[–60]. Cypselae obovoid, 1.5–2(–3.5) mm; pappus-like enations erect, deltate to ovate, 0.5–1 mm (sometimes a third, subulate spur near apex adaxially). 2n = 34.
Herbs, annual, 30-120 cm tall. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3-18 × 1-5(-9) cm, pinnately (1 or)2-lobed, ultimate lobes lanceolate to linear, 3-50 × 2-15 mm, both surfaces sparsely to densely scaberulose and gland-dotted. Synflorescences of open panicles. Capitula obscurely radiate; peduncles 1-8(-15+) mm; outer phyllaries 5(or 6), elliptic-lanceolate, 2-4 mm, inner 5(or 6) ovate to orbicular, 2.5-4 mm. Female florets 5(or 6); corolla limbs reniform or orbicular to oblong, 0.3-1 mm. Disk florets 12-30(-60). Achenes obovoid, 1.5-2(-3.5) mm; pappuslike enations erect, deltate to ovate, 0.5-1 mm. Fl. Apr-Aug. 2n = 34.
Annual herb to 60 cm high; stems puberulous or scabridulous.. Leaves elliptic to ovate, bipinnately lobed, 6–30 cm long, 3–10 cm wide, lobes 1.5–4 mm wide and obtuse, puberulous on both surfaces.. Capitula hemispherical, in lax panicles; involucre 2–3 mm long, the phyllaries pubescent.. Ray florets 5, whitish, almost round, 0.5–1 mm; disc florets yellowish, narrowly funnel-shaped, ± 2.7 mm long.. Achenes black, obovoid, ± 2 mm long, with 2 recurved pappus awns.. Fig. 177 (page 816).
Annual herb to 60 cm high; stems puberulous or scabridulous. Leaves elliptic to ovate, bipinnately lobed, 6-30 cm long, 3-10 cm wide, lobes 1.5-4.0 mm wide and obtuse, puberulous on both surfaces. Capitula hemispherical, in lax panicles; involucre 2-3 mm long, the phyllaries pubescent. Ray florets 5, whitish, almost round, 0.5-1.0 mm; disc florets yellowish, narrowly funnel-shaped, ±2.7 mm long. Achenes black, obovoid, ±2 mm long, with 2 recurved pappus awns.
Annual to 1 m, usually much branched, ± hairy, and often glandular above; lvs pinnatifid or usually bipinnatifid, to 2 × 1 dm; heads small, numerous in an often leafy infl, the disk 3–5 mm wide; achenes obovate, black, 2–2.5 mm; 2n=34. A weed of waste places; trop. Amer., n. to se. U.S. and occasionally to Mass., Mich., and Kans. July–Oct.
Annual herb, up to 0.6 m high. Leaves deeply bipinnatisect, puberulous, decreasing in size upwards. Heads 3 mm in diameter, on slender peduncles, in lax, many-headed panicle. Flowers with (small) white rays and yellowish disc.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Commonly found in disturbed sites, and a rapid invader of newly cleared brigalow and other native woodlands, on a range of soils from clays to sandy loams, at altitudes from sea level to at least 700 m.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anti-arrhythmia agents (flower), Hypotension (flower), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antidiarrheal (root), Dysentery (root), Abscess (unspecified), Ache(Back) (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Cachexia (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gastralgia (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Pimple (unspecified), Rash (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Spleen (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Cephalgia (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Cataplasm (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Pian (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Antiviral agents (unspecified), Dysentery, amebic (unspecified), Menstruation-inducing agents (unspecified), Analgesics (whole plant), Antifungal agents (whole plant), Antipyretics (whole plant), Menstruation-inducing agents (whole plant), General tonic for rejuvenation (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Parthenium hysterophorus habit picture by Neves Vinícius (cc-by-sa)
Parthenium hysterophorus habit picture by Tom Coyot (cc-by-sa)
Parthenium hysterophorus habit picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Parthenium hysterophorus leaf picture by Romani Marcelo (cc-by-sa)
Parthenium hysterophorus leaf picture by Secolin Rodrigo (cc-by-sa)
Parthenium hysterophorus leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Parthenium hysterophorus flower picture by josé Gaze (cc-by-sa)
Parthenium hysterophorus flower picture by JP Corrêa Carvalho (cc-by-sa)
Parthenium hysterophorus flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Parthenium hysterophorus world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, India, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Poland, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Paraguay, Réunion, Suriname, eSwatini, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:236510-1
WFO ID wfo-0000065156
COL ID 764TB
BDTFX ID 82614
INPN ID 446978
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Parthenium lobatum Parthenium pinnatifidum Argyrochaeta parviflora Echetrosis pentasperma Argyrochaeta bipinnatifida Parthenium hysterophorus var. hysterophorus Parthenium hysterophorus