Pelargonium columbinum Jacq.

Species

Angiosperms > Geraniales > Geraniaceae > Pelargonium l'hér.

Characteristics

Rosette annual herb, well-branched in prostrate synflorescence axis, up to 100 mm tall, 500 mm diameter, herbaceous, indumentum with short (25 µm) and long (60 µm) glandular hairs, with long erect non-glandular hairs (150-200 µm) interspersed, aromatic. Roots fibrous. Leaves simple, cordiform in outline, base truncate, apex obtuse to rounded, palmatifid-palmatipartite, margins of segments irregularly deeply lobed, adaxially short glandular hairs and sometimes long hairs interspersed, abaxially additional long hairs on margins and veins, membranous, dark green, 15-40 x 12-35 mm. Petiole 30-70 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, light to dark green. Stipules triangular, light to dark green, 3-6 x 3 mm, ciliate. Synflorescence axis up to 500 mm long, prostrate, light to dark green. lnternodes 15-90 mm long, 1-5 mm in diameter. Inflorescence bracts trifoliate, cordiform in outline, base truncate-cordate, apex obtuse-acute, lobed, palmatisect-partite to pinnatisect-partite, margins deeply crenate to lobed, 10-30 x 10-25 ciliate. Inflorescence umbelliform, 2-4(-5)-flowered, presented on unbranched lateral peduncles, 11-60 mm long. Flower bracts small triangular, small (3 x 1 mm), ciliate. Pedicel filiform, 4-18 mm long, elongating in fruiting stage. Hypanthium 0.5-1.5 mm long during flowering stage, up to 2 mm long during fruiting stage, covered with short and long glandular hairs, sparsely interspersed with short and long hairs. Sepals triangular, 2.5-4 x 0.8-1.5 mm, elongating to 4.5-5 mm during fruiting stage, light to dark green, margins hyaline, indumentum as on hypanthium. Petals 5, dark pink, occasionally with purplish markings, posterior petals 2, narrowly lanceolate, apex obtuse, 4 x 1 mm. reflexed to at most 90°, anterior petals 3, narrowly lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse, base long narrow claws, 3-3.5 x 0.8 mm, gradually recurved through 45°. Fertile stamens 3-4, equal in length, 2.5-3 mm long; pollen yellow-orange. Pollen grains oblate (50 x 40 µm), tricolporate, nexine and sexine distinguishable in exine, sexine consists of columellae and tectum, tectum striate-reticulate. Gynoecium 2.8-3 mm long, stigma with 5 recurved branches, white. Mericarp base 2-2.8 mm long, apically sparsely covered with long hairs, awn 16-18 mm long, distance between base and awn-screws 2.3 mm long, screws 5-6 x twisted. Seed 1.8 x 0.7 mm, dark brown. The peak flowering time is from September to April.
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Suberect-spreading annual herb, up to 0.35 m in diam., up to 0.350 m in height; spreading pilose-pubescent with long, short and glandular hairs. Stipules broadly ovate-lanceolate, (1.5-)2.5-6.0 x 1.0-3.0 mm. Leaves not conspicuously arranged in a basal rosette, opposite on spreading stems, simple, ovate to subcircular in outline, margins lobed or pinnatisect to bipinnatisect, and crenate, base cordate, usually not glaucous, rachis green; petioles (22-)45-220 mm long; laminae 16-43 x 14-50 mm, pilose-pubescent adaxially and abaxially, especially abaxially along the veins, sometimes with glandular hairs interspersed. Inflorescence axillary or leaf-opposed, with 2-5 flowers; peduncles (8-)25-120(-140) mm long; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1.5-3.0(-4.0) x (0.3-)0.5-1.0 mm, abaxially pilose-pubescent, adaxially glabrous; pedicels 4-36 mm long. Hypanthium 1.5-9.0 mm long, spreading pilose-pubescent with glandular hairs interspersed. Sepals 5, lanceolate, posterior lobe 3.0-4.5 x 1-2 mm, lateral lobes 3.0-4.5 x 0.5-1.5 mm, anterior lobes 3.0-4.5 x 0.8-2.0 mm, indumentum as for hypanthium. Petals 5, longer than sepals, pale pink to mauve or purple with darker purple venation and eyespots on posterior petals; posterior petals elliptic-oblong, ca. symmetrical, (5.5-)9.0-11.5 x 1.5-2.5 mm, apex bluntly acute; anterior petals oblong-oblanceolate, ca. symmetrical, (5.5-)8.0-10.0 x 1-2 mm, apex bluntly acute. Androecium (3 or 4?)5 fertile anthers, ca. 0.5-1.0 mm long, pinkish-light brown, pollen cream-coloured to orange. Gynoecium ovary ca. 1.5-2.0 mm long; style ca. 0.5-0.7 mm long; stigma branches ca. 1 mm long, pink to wine-red (white?). Fruit bases of mericarps 2.5-3.0 mm long, glandular, tails (11-)13-14(-17) mm long. Flowering period: (September) October to January (February).
Prostrate annual. Leaves cordate with margins variously incised, silky hairy. Flowers 2-5 on wiry, axillary peduncles, ± 7 mm diam., purple; hypanthium 1.5-2.5(-5.0) mm long, much shorter than pedicel.
Perennial to 15 cm. Leaves cordate, sparsely hairy, to 3 cm diam. Flowers to 7, ± 15 mm diam., pale purple; hypanthium 2-8 mm long, shorter than pedicel.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 4-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Pelargonium columbinum world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:375891-1
WFO ID wfo-0001064193
COL ID 6TZGK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Pelargonium buysii Peristera columbina Peristera iocasta Pelargonium columbinum Pelargonium iocastum Pelargonium setosiusculum