Pelargonium graveolens l'hér. Small

Sweet scented geranium (en), Géranium-rose (fr), Pélargonium odorant (fr), Géranium rosat (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Geraniales > Geraniaceae > Pelargonium l'hér.

Characteristics

Erect, much-branched, strongly rose-scented shrub, up to 1.3 m high and 1 m in diameter. Stems herbaceous when young, becoming woody with age, villous to densely villous and densely interspersed with glandular hairs, green but becoming brownish with age. Leaves soft to the touch, indumentum variable but always with numerous glandular hairs; lamina cordiform in outline, palmatipartite to pinnatisect with the segments irregularly pinnatipartite to pinnatisect, adaxially sparsely villous to villous and green, abaxially villous or almost lanate and greyish-green, base cordate, segments irregularly serrate and revolute, (20-)40(-55) x (30-)60(-100) mm, petiole (-10)30(-80) mm long; stipules asymmetric-triangular, cuspidate, ±6 x 4 mm. Inflorescence: flowering branches with normal and smaller foliar leaves, peduncles 15-40 mm long, villous to densely villous and densely interspersed with glandular hairs; involucral bracts ovate to lanceolate, cuspidate, indumentum as on peduncles, 4-6 x 2-3 mm, pseudo-umbels with 3-5(-7) flowers each. Pedicel 1-7 mm long. Hypanthium 4-15 mm long, indumentum as on peduncles. Sepals lanceolate, indumentum adaxially as on peduncles, green to reddish-brown with a white margin, 8-11 x 2-3.5 mm. Petals whit to pinkish-purple; posterior two red feather-like markings, reflexed at ±90°, 20-30 x 6-8 mm, anterior three spathulate to oblanceolate with narrow claws, reflexed at ±45°, 17-22 x 4-5 mm. P. graveolens flowers from August to January with a peak in September and October. However, the odd flower may be found throughout the year.
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Erect, much-branched, strongly rose-scented shrub, 0.6-1.3 m high; stems herbaceous becoming woody; densely villous, densely interspersed with glandular hairs. Leaves simple, lamina cordiform, up to 55 x 100 mm, palmatipartite to pinnatisect, segments at least 3 mm wide, adaxially grooved, apex obtuse or acute, margins irregularly serrate, revolute; adaxially sparsely villous, green, abaxially almost lanate, greyish green; petioles up to 80 mm long. Inflorescences of 3-7-flowered pseudo-umbels; peduncles up to 40 mm long. Petals 5, white to pinkish; posterior 2 spathulate, up to 30 x 8 mm, apex obtuse to emarginate, markings red; anterior 3 spathulate up to 22 x 5 mm. Flowering time Aug.-Jan.
Leaf-lamina 2–7 × 2·5–8 cm. (2·3 × 2·5–4 cm. in E.M.&W. 348), broadly ovate to depressed-ovate, pinnatipartite or sometimes almost palmatipartite, cordate at the base; two basal segments much larger than the rest and often further subdivided with segments often pinnatilobed and irregularly dentate, margin revolute; petiole l·5–4 (8) cm. long (0·2–1·7 cm. in E.M. & W. 348); stipules 4–9 × 3–7 mm., deltate to broadly ovate, acute, often bifid, membranous.
Suffrutex up to 1·3 m. tall, strongly aromatic; internodes 1–8 cm. (or 0·2–1 cm. in E.M.&W. 348) long; vegetative parts, peduncles and pedicels glandular and pubescent, tomentose when young, hairs patent or ± oppressed on the leaves, glands short-stalked to ± sessile.
Inflorescence a pseudumbel of (1) 2–5 (7) flowers; peduncle (0·2) 1–4 cm. long, leaf-opposed or in the axil of the smaller of 2 apparently opposite leaves; bracts 3–8, 5–8 × 2–4 mm., ovate, membranous; free part of pedicel (2) 4–8 (10) mm. long.
Shrub to 1 m. Leaves palmatifid, shortly hairy, strongly rose-scented, ± 4 cm diam. Flowers to 7 on short, axillary peduncles, ± 30 mm diam., white to pinkish purple; hypanthium 4-15 mm long, longer than pedicel.
Petals pink with darker veins; 2 posterior ones (14) 17–20 × 5–5·6 (6) mm., spathulate; 3 anterior ones (11) 13–15 × 2–3·5 (4) mm., oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, unguiculate.
Stamens with fertile filaments 7, 10–16 mm. long; sterile filaments (staminodes) 3, 5–8 mm. long, all 10 connate at the base for 1·5–5 mm.; anthers 2–2·8 × 0·9–1 ·2 (1 ·5) mm.
Sepals 7·5–11 × 2–5 mm., narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate or lorate to narrowly oblong, acute, patent-pubescent and glandular.
Ovary with basal part tomentose; rostrum pubescent; style 5–8 mm. long; stigmas 2–2·8 (3·2) mm. long.
Seeds 3·2–3·6 × 1·4–1·8 mm., obovate, pale brown, minutely reticulate.
Fruit 1·8–2·4 cm. long; cocci 5–5·5 × 1·4–1·7 mm.
Spur 4–8 (10) mm. long.
Life form annual
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 1.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Grows on the mountains, in sheltered positions such as kloofs, usually in relatively moist habitats.
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Grows on the mountains, in sheltered positions such as kloofs, usually in relatively moist habitats.
Light 1-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses environmental use essential oil food material medicinal
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Pelargonium graveolens l'hér. leaf picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)
Pelargonium graveolens l'hér. leaf picture by Marie-Claude Darnajou (cc-by-sa)
Pelargonium graveolens l'hér. leaf picture by afgto (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Pelargonium graveolens l'hér. flower picture by Buckerfield Kelly (cc-by-sa)
Pelargonium graveolens l'hér. flower picture by Rvt 063 (cc-by-sa)
Pelargonium graveolens l'hér. flower picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pelargonium graveolens l'hér. world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Spain, Honduras, Haiti, India, Kenya, Morocco, Mexico, Mozambique, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, Province of China, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:376259-1
WFO ID wfo-0000466422
COL ID 75ZJD
BDTFX ID 48202
INPN ID 112631
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pelargonium terebinthinaceum Hoarea intermixta Geranium graveolens (l'hér.) Geranium asperum Geranium terebinthinaceum Pelargonium intermedium Geraniospermum terebintaceum Pelargonium graveolens l'hér.