Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers

Egyptian starcluster (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Pentas

Characteristics

Herb or subshrub with erect or straggling mostly woody stems 0.5–1.3 m. tall, hairy.. Leaf-blades ovate, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 3–13 cm. long, 1–6 cm. wide, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, pubescent to densely velvety on both surfaces; petioles 0–5 cm. long; stipules with 3–9(–14) setae, 2–9 mm. long, bearing small colleters, from a short base.. Inflorescence with terminal and axillary components combined into a single cluster.. Calyx-tube hairy, 1–3 mm. long, 1.5–2.5 mm. wide; lobes very unequal, the largest lanceolate, 0.5–1.3 cm. long, 0.5–3 mm. wide, the smallest 1–3 mm. long.. Flowers often trimorphic, either with style exserted and anthers included, anthers exserted and style included or both included.. Long-styled flowers: corolla-tube (1–)2.3–3.9 cm. long, dilated at the apex to 3(–6) mm. wide for a distance of 4–8 mm., hairy or glabrous outside; lobes oblong-ovate to elliptic, 0.3–1 cm. long, (1–)1.5–4.5 mm. wide; throat hairy within; anthers completely included; style exserted 1.5–5.5 mm.; stigma 2–5 mm. long.. Short-styled flowers very similar, corolla-lobes 4.5–8 mm. long; anthers exserted 2.5–4 mm.; style and stigma usually completely enclosed or rarely tips of stigma-lobes exserted 2.5 mm.. Flowers with both style and stigma and anthers included: tube 2–4 cm. long; lobes ovate-oblong 0.5–1.1 cm. long, 2.5–3.3 mm. wide; anthers sometimes with tips exserted 0.25 mm. but usually included; style and stigma always included.. Fruit obtriangular, 4–6 mm. tall and wide; beak 1–2 mm. tall.
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Subshrubs, 30-70 cm tall; branches quadrangular, moderately to densely pilosulous to villous often becoming glabrescent with age. Leaves opposite; petiole 0.5-3 cm, pilosulous to villous; blade drying papery, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 5-14 × 2-5.5 cm, adaxially scabrous or villous to glabrescent, abaxially densely villous or hirtellous at least along principal veins, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acute or shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-10 pairs; stipules truncate to broadly rounded, 1.5-2 mm, villous, bristles 1-5, 1-4 mm. Inflorescence densely pilosulous to villous; peduncle 3-12 mm; branched portion congested-cymose often becoming lax, 1.5-4 × 1.5-4 cm; bracts narrowly triangular to linear, 0.5-1.5 mm. Flowers sessile or subsessile, distylous. Calyx densely hirtellous or villous; ovary portion subglobose to obovoid, ca. 1 mm; limb deeply lobed; lobes narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic or narrowly spatulate, 2-8 mm, usually unequal on an individual flower with nearly this entire size range found on some flowers, acute. Corolla pale purple to pink, red, white, or yellow, salverform, sparsely hirtellous to glabrescent outside; tube slender except rather abruptly swollen in throat in long-styled form (around stamens), 17-20 mm, densely barbate in throat; lobes elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 mm, acute to obtuse. Capsules obovoid, 4-6 × 4-6 mm, stiffly papery to woody, with beak 1-2 mm tall; seeds 0.5-1 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep.
Long-styled flowers: corolla tube (1 )2.3–4 cm. long, dilated at the apex to 3(6) mm. wide for a distance of 4–8 mm., hairy or glabrous outside; lobes 0.3–1 cm. x (1)1.5–4.5 mm., oblong-ovate to elliptic; throat hairy within; anthers completely included; style exserted 1.5–5.5 mm.; stigma 2–5 mm. long.
Leaf blades 3–13 x 1–6 cm., ovate, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, pubescent to densely velvety on both surfaces; petioles 0.5 cm. long; stipules with 3–9(14) setae, 2–9 mm. long, bearing small colleters, from a short base.
Flowers with both style and stigma and anthers included; tube 2–4 cm. long; lobes 0.5–1.1 cm. x 2.5–3.3 mm., ovate-oblong; anthers sometimes with tips exserted 0.25 mm. but usually included; style and stigma always included.
Short-styled flowers very similar; corolla lobes 4.5–8 mm. long; anthers exserted 2.5–4 mm.; style and stigma usually completely enclosed or rarely tips of stigma lobes exserted 2.5 mm.
Calyx tube hairy, 1–3 x 1.5–2.5 mm. lobes very unequal, the largest 0.5–1.3 cm. x 0.5–3 mm., lanceolate, the smallest 1–3 mm. long.
Flowers often trimorphic, either with style exserted and anthers included, anthers exserted and style included or both included.
Herb or subshrub with erect or straggling mostly woody stems 0.5–1.3 m. tall, hairy.
Inflorescence with terminal and axillary components combined into a single cluster.
Fruit 4–6 mm. tall and wide, obtriangular; beak 1–2 mm. tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Wounds and injuries (flower)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 25 - 40
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Pentas lanceolata habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Pentas lanceolata leaf picture by ALI-BEN HAMIDOU (cc-by-sa)
Pentas lanceolata leaf picture by Colette Nicolardot (cc-by-sa)
Pentas lanceolata leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Pentas lanceolata flower picture by Anziz AHMED ABDOU (cc-by-sa)
Pentas lanceolata flower picture by Colette Nicolardot (cc-by-sa)
Pentas lanceolata flower picture by Yuly Marcela Parra Montoya (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pentas lanceolata world distribution map, present in Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Cook Islands, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Norfolk Island, Pakistan, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, and Yemen

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:760275-1
WFO ID wfo-0000266958
COL ID 76NTT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447531
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Neurocarpaea lanceolata Pentas klotzschii Vignaldia luteola Mussaenda aegyptiaca Manettia lanceolata Mussaenda lanceolata Pentas lanceolata f. velutina Ophiorrhiza lanceolata Pentas lanceolata var. membranacea Pseudomussaenda lanceolata Pentas lanceolata var. lanceolata Mussaenda luteola Pentas lanceolata

Lower taxons

Pentas lanceolata subsp. cymosa Pentas lanceolata subsp. lanceolata Pentas lanceolata var. leucaster Pentas lanceolata var. nemorosa Pentas lanceolata var. oncostipula Pentas lanceolata subsp. quartiniana Pentas lanceolata var. angustifolia