Peperomia tetraphylla Hook. & Arn.

Acorn peperomia (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Piperales > Piperaceae > Peperomia

Characteristics

Herbs perennial, fleshy, forming clumps, usually glabrous except for rachis and bases of bracts. Stolons present. Stems many branched, 10-30 cm, internodes thickly ridged. Leaves dense, ± uniform in size; petiole 1-2 mm, glabrous or pubescent; leaf blade broadly elliptic or suborbicular, 0.9-1.2 cm × 5-9 mm, fleshy, pale and usually wrinkled when dried, pellucid dotted, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, rarely densely pubescent, base and apex rounded, slightly revolute; veins 3, slender, usually inconspicuous. Spike terminal and axillary, solitary, 2-4.5 cm; peduncle sparsely pubescent to ± glabrous; bracts suborbicular, stalk short. Filaments short, thecae rounded-"D"-shaped. Ovary ovoid, inserted within excavations of rachis; stigmas capitate, pubescent. Nutlet subovoid, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Feb-Apr, Sep-Dec.
More
Epiphytic or rarely epilithic herb, cespitose or rooting at nodes and ascending. Stem to 25 cm long, minutely pubescent, green. Leaves in whorls of 4, basely attached; petiole 0.05-0.2 cm long, minutely pubescent; blade fleshy to subcoriaceous, rhombic, ovate-elliptic to suborbicular, 0.6-1.2 x 0.4-1.0 cm, apex obtuse, rounded or emarginate, base obtuse to subacute, somewhat ciliate towards apex and sparsely puberulent to glabrous; obsoletely palmately 3-veined. Inflorescence terminal, solitary; peduncle to 2 cm long, minutely pubescent, green; spike up to 4 cm long, cream-white; rachis pubescent; floral bracts rounded, glabrous, glandular. Fruits basely attached in depressions of rachis, narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid-subcylindrical, apex with short beak and subapical stigma.
Epiphytic or rarely epilithic herb, cespitose or rooting at nodes and ascending. Stem to 25 cm long, minutely pubescent, green. Leaves in whorls of 4, basely attached; petiole 0.05-0.2 cm long, minutely pubescent; blade fleshy to subcoriaceous, rhombic, ovate-elliptic to suborbicular, 0.6-1.2 x 0.4-1.0 cm, apex obtuse, rounded or emarginate, base obtuse to subacute, somewhat ciliate towards apex and sparsely puberulent to glabrous; obsoletely palmately 3-veined. Inflorescence terminal, solitary; peduncle to 2 cm long, minutely pubescent, green; spike up to 4 cm long, cream-white; rachis pubescent; floral bracts rounded, glabrous, glandular. Fruits basely attached in depressions of rachis, narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid-subcylindrical, apex with short beak and subapical stigma.
Usually epiphytic herb, with tufted creeping glabrous stems, 5–27 cm. long, sometimes forming mats on tree branches, the stolons giving rise to more erect flowering shoots.. Leaves sometimes reddish beneath, in whorls of (3–)4, elliptic to ± round, obovate or rhombic, 0.6–1.7 cm. long, 0.4–1.3 cm. wide, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, fleshy, shiny and glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved; petiole 1–3 mm. long.. Spikes green or yellowish, (0.5–)1.5–4.5 cm. long; peduncle (0.6–)1–1.5(–3) cm. long; bracts round, 0.6 mm. wide, entire or crenate, usually glabrous.. Fruit narrowly ellipsoid or ovoid, ± 1 mm. long, partly sunk into the rhachis with an indistinct cupule-like structure at base, and symmetrical style at apex.. Nuts brownish red, 1–1.2 mm. long, 0.3–0.4 mm. wide.
Erect to decumbent, succulent herb to 10 (–20) cm high. Leaves in whorls of 4; lamina ovate-rhomboidal to orbicular, to 14 mm long, 9 mm wide, secondary veins obscure; base cuneate to rounded; apex obtuse. Spike terminal, solitary, to 43 mm long; peduncle 7–8 mm long, fertile axis 1–3.5 cm long. Flowers deeply sunken into axis, spaced 0.6–1 mm apart; bracts rounded, 0.3–0.5 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide. Anthers c. 0.2 mm long, 0.4 mm wide. Ovary rounded, 0.4–0.6 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm diam. Drupes sticky, not papillose, c. 1 mm long. [See Green 1994: 49–50) for Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands.]
Branched, spreading, succulent herb up to ± 2 dm. tall; branches pubescent at nodes. Lvs in whorls of 4-(3) or occ. opp., subsessile, 5-15 × 4-12 mm., rhomboid to suborbicular, fleshy ∞ ± coriac. when dry) dark green above, paler below, ± pubescent when young. Spikes terminal, axis pubescent, 2-4 cm. long; bract orbicular-peltate, subsessile. Ovary partly immersed in axis, ovoid, acute; stigma capitellate. Drupe ovoid, reddish, ± 1·5 mm. long.
Succulent herb, 0.10-0.15 m high; stems ± erect, rooting at nodes, mat-forming. Leaves 3-veined from base, dark green above, grey-green below; petioles up to 4 mm long. Inflorescence a terminal spike, fertile portion up to 11 mm long in flower, 25 mm in fruit. Flowers with bracts ± 0.3 mm in diam. Flowering time Nov.-July. Fruit ± 1 mm long, glanduliferous, long-ellipsoid, with pseudo-cupule at base.
Leaves (3)4-whorled, (4)6–15(18) ? (3)4–11(12.5) mm, elliptic, rhomboid, ovate, obovate-elliptic or almost rounded, broadly obtuse to rounded at the apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, glabrous on upper surface, glabrous to subglabrous or puberulous beneath, thick, coriaceous, weakly shining, drying ± greyish-glaucous, longitudinally and ± obscurely 3-nerved.
Perennial, decumbent herb, up to 150 mm high; epiphyte or lithophyte. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4 at nodes, glabrous, succulent, greyish green; blade elliptic to ovate, ± 10-13 x 8-9 mm, base rounded, apex acute to rounded; petioles up to 7 mm long. Flowers: in yellowish, terminal spikes; densely crowded on rachis; Aug.-Mar.
Creeping perennial to 15 cm, with jointed, divaricately branched stems rooting from nodes. Leaves in whorls of 4, rhomboid, leathery, 3-veined from base. Flowers in narrowly club-shaped, terminal spikes, green.
Perennial, usually epiphytic herbs with tufted creeping stems 6–20 cm long, sometimes forming mats on tree branches, the stolons giving rise to more erect flowering shoots.
Stems slender, simple or dichotomously branched, rooting at the lower nodes, 4-angled; lower internodes up to 5 cm long, very short towards the apex.
Inflorescence of solitary, terminal or axillary, green spikes; rhachis (8)12–30(40) mm long, shortly hairy; peduncle (6)10–18(25) mm long, glabrous.
Mat-forming, succulent herb, up to 200 mm tall, epiphyte. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4 at nodes. Spikes yellowish green.
Fruit c. 1 mm long, subcylindrical, with a pseudocupule at the base, covered with viscous glands.
Ovary ovoid, sunk in alveoli on the rhachis; stigma terminal.
Petiole subsessile or up to 15–30 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support epiphyte
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.25
Mature height (meter) 0.2
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Grows as an epiphyte or lithophyte in rainforests. Widespread on both Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, although rarer on Norfolk Island; characteristic of shady woods and forest, on mossy rocks or tree stumps, and epiphytic on branches (Green 1994).
More
On trees in wet forests, mist and gully forests; on fallen logs, in grass by river banks, rocky knolls, semi-evergreen bushland; at elevations from 180-2,800 metres.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Kidney (unspecified), Poison-Ivy (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Peperomia tetraphylla unspecified picture

Distribution

Peperomia tetraphylla world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Burundi, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1068802-2
WFO ID wfo-0000479217
COL ID 76QBD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447446
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Peperomia reflexa f. tenuipes Peperomia reflexa f. sinensis Troxirum reflexum Peperomia affinis Peperomia baturiteana Piper fontinale Peperomia tetraphylla Peperomia tacuariana Piper aemulum Micropiper pusillum Peperomia reflexa f. capensis Peperomia parvula Peperomia diehliana Peperomia cartagoana Peperomia reflexifolia Peperomia reflexa f. americana Peperomia quaternata Peperomia americana Peperomia subemarginulata Peperomia reflexa f. robustior Peperomia reflexa f. argentina Peperomia tetraphylla f. protractifolia Peperomia valantoides Peperomia berroi Piper tetraphyllum Piper pusillum Peperomia novae-zelandiae Peperomia fontinalis Piper saxatile Peperomia reflexa var. americana Peperomia opaca var. ciliata Peperomia reflexa var. enervulosa Peperomia reflexa var. capensis Peperomia reflexa var. angustifolia Peperomia reflexa var. subemarginulata Peperomia reflexa var. americana Peperomia reflexa var. americana Peperomia tetraphylla var. sinensis Peperomia tetraphylla var. tetraphylla Peperomia reflexa var. argentina Peperomia reflexa f. brevipes Peperomia reflexa f. longipes Peperomia reflexa Peperomia reflexa var. valantoides Peperomia tetraphylla var. valantoides Peperomia aemula Piper reflexum Peperomia reflexa var. coriacea Peperomia reflexa var. opaca Peperomia reflexa var. pallida Peperomia reflexa var. robustior Peperomia reflexa var. rotundilimba Peperomia tetraphylla var. americana

Lower taxons

Peperomia tetraphylla var. piedadeana Peperomia tetraphylla var. tenera