Philenoptera bussei (Harms) Schrire

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Philenoptera

Characteristics

Tree up to 12 m tall; crown spreading; bark brown. Branchlets fulvous-pubescent, hairy or glabrous; bark dark grey to red-brown. Leaves imparipinnate, 12-25 cm long; petiole 2-7(8) cm long, rachis 6-12 cm long, pubescent, hairy or glabrous; petiolules 2-5 mm long; leaflets 7-13(15), opposite or subopposite, 2-7(11.5) x 1-3(5) cm, subcircular to ovate or elliptic or narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, rounded to obtuse or acute and sometimes emarginate at the apex, rounded or obtuse or cuneate to narrowed cuneate at the base, stiff, appressed-puberulous and glabrescent on upper surface, pubescent beneath at least on the main nerves; lateral nerves in 4-6 pairs; reticulation somewhat prominent or flat beneath; stipules linear, 3-6 mm long, caducous; stipels 1-3 mm long or absent. Inflorescence a ± flexuose panicle 8-35(40) cm long, usually borne precociously at the top of last season’s branches (occasionally 2-3 together), rarely terminal, fulvous-puberulous or glabrous; bracts and bracteoles falling early. Flowers 10-12 mm long; pedicels 2-6 mm long. Calyx 4-5 mm long, thinly fulvous-silky, upper tooth-pair 2.5 mm long, bilobed or entire, the lateral ones 1-1.5 mm long, rounded or obtuse, the lower one 1.5-2 mm long, acute. Standard 9-15 mm long, blade broadly obovate, subcordate with small inflexed auricle, claw 2 mm long; wings 11-11.5 x 4 mm, rounded at the apex, auricle acute, claw 2.5 mm long; keel petals 10-14 x 4.5-5.5 mm, auricle acute, claw 3 mm long. Stamens connate in a tube, the upper stamen free at the base. Ovary 4-6-ovulate, shortly stipitate, puberulous; style 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous. Pod 1-2(4)-seeded, 6-12(14) x 1.2-2.8 cm, 1-seeded pods elliptic, 2-seeded pods linear, glabrous, stiff, apex rounded or obtuse or acute, base obtuse to cuneate; stipe 4-6 mm long. Ripe seed 10-12 x 7-8 mm, flattened, reniform, dark red-brown.
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A rather slender tree usually about 10 m in height, but reaching 15 m under favourable conditions. Bark: grey, smooth, powdery, later becoming darker, roughish, flaking and cracking into square sections. Leaves: with 3-7 pairs of opposite leaflets plus the terminal one; leaflets oblong to oblanceolate, 4-9 x 2-4.5 cm, dark green above, paler green below, young leaflets softly velvety, especially on the undersurface, becoming smooth by maturity, 4-6 pairs of lateral veins; apex and base tapering; margin entire; petiolules 2-5 mm long petiole 2-7 cm long. Flowers: pea-shaped, smallish, the standard petal magenta-purple to pale mauve, the stamens joined to form a yellow tube around the style; in attractive lax, pendant sprays 10-20 cm long, before the new leaves. Fruit: a pod, 4-10 x 1-1.5 cm, pale straw-coloured to light brown, hanging down in loose clusters, indehiscent, with 1-3 seeds.
Leaves imparipinnate, 12–25 cm long; petiole 2–7(8) cm long, rachis 6–12 cm long, pubescent, hairy or glabrous; petiolules 2–5 mm long; leaflets 7–13(15), opposite or subopposite, 2–7(11.5) × 1–3(5) cm, subcircular to ovate or elliptic or narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, rounded to obtuse or acute and sometimes emarginate at the apex, rounded or obtuse or cuneate to narrowed cuneate at the base, stiff, appressed-puberulous and glabrescent on upper surface, pubescent beneath at least on the main nerves; lateral nerves in 4–6 pairs; reticulation somewhat prominent or flat beneath; stipules linear, 3–6 mm long, caducous; stipels 1–3 mm long or absent.
Standard 9–15 mm long, blade broadly obovate, subcordate with small inflexed auricle, claw 2 mm long; wings 11–11.5 × 4 mm, rounded at the apex, auricle acute, claw 2.5 mm long; keel petals 10–14 × 4.5–5.5 mm, auricle acute, claw 3 mm long.
Inflorescence a ± flexuose panicle 8–35(40) cm long, usually borne precociously at the top of last season’s branches (occasionally 2–3 together), rarely terminal, fulvous-puberulous or glabrous; bracts and bracteoles falling early.
Pod 1–2(4)-seeded, 6–12(14) × 1.2–2.8 cm, 1-seeded pods elliptic, 2-seeded pods linear, glabrous, stiff, apex rounded or obtuse or acute, base obtuse to cuneate; stipe 4–6 mm long.
Calyx 4–5 mm long, thinly fulvous-silky, upper tooth-pair 2.5 mm long, bilobed or entire, the lateral ones 1–1.5 mm long, rounded or obtuse, the lower one 1.5–2 mm long, acute.
Ovary 4–6-ovulate, shortly stipitate, puberulous; style 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous.
Branchlets fulvous-pubescent, hairy or glabrous; bark dark grey to red-brown.
Ripe seed 10–12 × 7–8 mm, flattened, reniform, dark red-brown.
Stamens connate in a tube, the upper stamen free at the base.
Tree up to 12 m tall; crown spreading; bark brown.
Flowers 10–12 mm long; pedicels 2–6 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses fuel medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Philenoptera bussei leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Philenoptera bussei leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Philenoptera bussei world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1013770-1
WFO ID wfo-0001278182
COL ID 3VXSV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lonchocarpus fischeri Lonchocarpus bussei Lonchocarpus menyharthii Philenoptera bussei