Phoenix canariensis Chabaud

Canary island date palm (en), Palmier des Canaries (fr), Dattier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Arecales > Arecaceae > Phoenix

Characteristics

A large palm. It has a single, stout woody trunk. It grows to 20 m tall. The trunk can be 70 cm across. There is a diamond pattern of leaf scars down the trunk. The crown can have 100 leaves. The fronds are long and dull green. Leaves can be 6 m long. They are divided into leaflets along the stalk. The fronds are spiny at the base. The leaflets are directed upwards and forward. The flowering stalks are produced among the leaf bases. The flowers are creamy yellow. Male and female trees are needed for fruit. The fruit occur in large clusters. They are a golden colour. They grow among the leaves. The fruit are 2 cm long and 1 cm across.
More
Solitary palms to 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m diam. Leaves c. 100, to 6 m long. Pinnae c. 200 each side of rachis, regularly arranged in 1 plane, to 40 cm long, to 3 cm wide, dull glaucous green on both surfaces. Staminate inflorescence to 80 cm long; flowers yellowish, 9–10 mm long. Pistillate inflorescence to 80 cm long, similar to staminate but with elongate peduncle; flower yellow, to 4.5 mm diam. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, 15–20 mm long, 9–12 mm diam., yellow to orange-red; mesocarp thin and dry. Seed to 15 mm long, to 10 mm wide.
Trunk stocky, thick, up to 6 m tall and 45-60 cm diam., covered by large, closely packed leaf-scars. Leaves dark green, long, arched outwards from the terminal crown, segments very numerous, narrow, strongly keeled, sharply pointed. Berry 2.5-5 cm long, cylindrical-elliptic, orange-yellow.
Stems solitary, erect, to 15 m, diam. 55--70 cm. Fruits ripening from green through orange to reddish purple, ellipsoid, length 24--27 mm, diam. 10--12 mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 12.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a warm temperate plant. It will tolerate hot dry conditions in inland Australia. It is very frost hardy and thrives on poor soils. It needs good drainage. In the Canary Island it grows to 700 m altitude. In Melbourne Botanical Gardens. In Hobart Botanical gardens. It suits plant hardiness zones 8-11. Arboretum Tasmania.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The fruit are reported to have an edible outer pericarp. They are a famine food. The sap can be used for syrup or palm honey.
Uses ornamental
Edible fruits saps seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed germinates readily. It takes 1-2 months to germinate. In tropical locations suckers can be used.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Phoenix canariensis habit picture by Caroline Merrem (cc-by-sa)
Phoenix canariensis habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Phoenix canariensis leaf picture by Quiñoy Yago (cc-by-sa)
Phoenix canariensis leaf picture by gutierro cruz (cc-by-sa)
Phoenix canariensis leaf picture by González Vila (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Phoenix canariensis flower picture by jid (cc-by-sa)
Phoenix canariensis flower picture by Vespa (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Phoenix canariensis fruit picture by agilob (cc-by-sa)
Phoenix canariensis fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Phoenix canariensis fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Phoenix canariensis world distribution map, present in Australia, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:668911-1
WFO ID wfo-0000269748
COL ID 6VBLP
BDTFX ID 49032
INPN ID 113248
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Phoenix cycadifolia Phoenix jubae Phoenix vigieri Phoenix canariensis var. porphyrococca Phoenix dactylifera var. jubae Phoenix tenuis Phoenix canariensis