Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl

Jamaican gooseberry tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree, 2-8 m high, sparsely branching; monoecious; branches of current year producing 3-6 deciduous branchlets; scale-leaves inconspicuous, pale, less than 2 mm long. Deciduous branchlets bipinnatiform (except for first of the season); primary axis 2-5 dm long, ca 2-3 mm broad, wing-angled, dor-sally rough or hirsutulous, with ca 8-20 ultimate axes, each 5-20 cm long, with mostly 7-20 leaves. Leaves membranous to chartaceous; petioles adaxially rough-ened or hirsutulous, 1.5-3 mm long; stipules triangular, blunt, those on primary axis up to 1.3 mm long (somewhat smaller on ultimate axes), persistent, often reflexed; blades ovate or elliptic, lucid and scabridulous above, smooth beneath (except along veins), ca 2-4.5 cm long, 1-2.5 ca broad, abruptly and bluntly cuspidate-acuminate at the tip, usually obtuse at base. Cymules bisexual, on ulti-mate axes, with 5-20 staminate and a single pistillate flower. Staminate flowers with pedicels capillary, 3-4.5 mm long; calyx-lobes 6, biseriate, the outer narrowly oblong, ca 0.9-1 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm broad, the inner rotund, ca 0.9-1.2 mm long and broad; disc segments 3, reniform, massive; stamens 3, the filaments con-nate into a short column 0.1-0.3 mm high, the anthers triangular-ovate, apiculate, dehiscing horizontally; pollen grains globose, with 3 short diorate colpi, pilate. Pistillate flowers with pedicels 5-12 mm long, slender, often angled, scabridulous at least below; calyx-lobes 6, biseriate, with narrow whitish margins, the outer elliptic, 1.1-1.4 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, the inner broadly ovate, 1.5-1.7 mm long, 1-1.3 wide; disc cupuliform, massive, 3-lobed; ovary ablate, smooth, deeply sulcate, the styles free, flattened, spreading, 0.4-0.6 mm long, divided 1/4 to l2 their length. Capsules 4.5-5 mm in diam, conspicuously veiny, the columella mas-sive, ca 2 mm long; seeds plano-convex, ca 2.5-2.8 mm long, reddish-brown, smooth with epidermis foveolate, sometimes with a rudimentary caruncle.
More
A small tree. It grows 8 m tall. There are 8-20 small branches each 5-25 cm long. These have 7-20 leaves. The leaves are alternate and simple. They are narrowly oval and 2-5 cm long by 1-3 cm wide. The flowering shoots are in the axils of leaves near the ends of branches. The flowers are small. The fruit are capsules 5 mm across with 3 lobes. The seeds are 2.5 mm long. They are smooth and reddish-brown.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows near the coast and along shorelines. In Argentina it grows between 400-1,000 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Piscicide (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Phyllanthus acuminatus habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Phyllanthus acuminatus habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Phyllanthus acuminatus leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Phyllanthus acuminatus leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Phyllanthus acuminatus leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Phyllanthus acuminatus flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Phyllanthus acuminatus flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Phyllanthus acuminatus flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Phyllanthus acuminatus fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Phyllanthus acuminatus world distribution map, present in Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Suriname, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Phyllanthus acuminatus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:194611-2
WFO ID wfo-0000270410
COL ID 4H36N
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630393
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phyllanthus averrhoifolius Phyllanthus foetidus Phyllanthus lycioides Phyllanthus sessei Phyllanthus cumanensis Diasperus acuminatus Phyllanthus mucronatus Phyllanthus ruscoides Phyllanthus acuminatus var. paraguariensis Phyllanthus acuminatus