Phyllanthus macranthus Pax

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus

Characteristics

Monoecious or sometimes dioecious asperulous or glabrous, compact much-branched deciduous shrub or subshrub 0.5–1.5 m. tall.. Bark peeling longitudinally.. Twigs light brown at first, later becoming greyish brown or grey.. Orthotropic shoots subterete. Plagiotropic shoots (1–)2–6 cm. long, angular, smooth or asperulate, 6–8(–14)-leaved. Brachyblasts present, co-axillary with the primary plagiotropic shoots, and later themselves each giving rise to fascicles of 2–4 secondary plagiotropic shoots.. Cataphylls linear-lanceolate, 1.3 mm. long. Cataphyllary stipules lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long, subentire or slightly denticulate, purplish brown.. Leaves of the plagiotropic shoots with petioles 0.75 mm. long; blades obovate, elliptic or suborbicular, 3–9(–12) mm. long, 2–6(–8) mm. wide, subacute, obtuse, rounded, truncate or retuse, often mucronate, cuneate or rounded at the base, chartaceous, lateral nerves 3–5 pairs, usually arising at an acute angle from the midrib, brochidodromous, scarcely to slightly prominent above and beneath, somewhat asperulous along the midrib and main nerves above and beneath and on the margin or else ± glabrous, pale green.. Stipules linear-lanceolate, 1 mm. long, brownish.. Male and female flowers solitary, the former in the lower 2–3 axils, the latter in the upper.. Male flowers: pedicels 1.5 mm. long, slender; sepals 6, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, acute or subacute, glabrous, greenish white; disc-glands 6, free, circular, flat, smooth, orange; stamens 3, filaments ± completely connate into a column 1 mm. high, anthers free, reniform, 1-thecous, divaricately to horizontally held, minute, laterally and apically dehiscent.. Female flowers: pedicels 3–4(–9) mm. long, extending slightly or not in fruit; sepals 6, the 3 outer broadly ovate-suborbicular, 2.5 mm. long, 2.3 mm. wide, rounded, the 3 inner rhombic-elliptic, 2 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, subacute, creamy white, slightly accrescent and becoming perceptibly venose in fruit; disc 6-lobed, thick, fleshy, tuberculate-rugulose; ovary sessile, hexalobate-subglobose, 1 mm. diameter, smooth; styles united at the base, 0.75 mm. long, suberect, bifid, stigmas filiform, recurved to coiled.. Fruit depressed-subglobose to subtrilobate, 2 mm. long, 3.5 mm. diameter, smooth.. Seeds rounded-triquetrous, 1.8 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide, with 5–6 shallow longitudinal ridges on the dorsal facet, and ± 4–5 indistinct concentric ridges on each ventral facet, and with innumerable transverse striae between them, ochreous-olivaceous.
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A bushy shrub up to 1.5 m tall, glabrous, asperulous, papillose or puberulous, monoecious or sometimes dioecious; stems with longitudinally peeling bark. Twigs light brown at first, later becoming greyish. Lateral leafy shoots 1-3(10) cm long. Short shoots developing, giving rise to secondary lateral shoots. Scale leaves c. 1 mm long, linear-lanceolate; stipules c. 1.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, purplish-brown. Foliage leaves distichous; petioles 0.5 mm long; stipules 1 mm long, linear-lanceolate, pale brown. Leaf blades 3-17 x 2-9 mm, elliptic, obovate or suborbicular, obtuse, rounded or retuse, sometimes mucronate, cuneate to rounded at the base, thinly chartaceous when dried, slightly asperulous along the midrib and main nerves above and beneath and on the margin or else quite glabrous, fleshy, pale green; lateral nerves in 3-5 pairs, weakly brochidodromous, scarcely prominent above, slightly so beneath. Flowers solitary. Male flowers: pedicels 1 mm long; sepals 6, 2-seriate, the outer 2 x 0.5 mm, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, the inner 2.5 x 1 mm, lanceolate, subacute, minutely granulate without, white or cream-coloured with a greenish midrib; disk glands 6, in 3 pairs opposite the inner sepals, 0.3 x 0.2 mm, oblong, flat, ± smooth; stamens 3, filaments connate into a slender column 2 mm high, anthers 1 x 0.4 mm, free, divaricate, fusiform, connective broad, longitudinally dehiscent. Female flowers: pedicels 2-4 mm long, extending to 5-6 mm in fruit; sepals 6, 3 x 1.5-2 mm, accrescent to 5 x 4 mm, broadly ovate-suborbicular, subacute to rounded, pale green with a creamy-white margin, venose, completely enclosing the fruit; disk 1.2 mm in diameter, 6-lobed, thick, papillose; ovary 1-1.5 mm in diameter, shortly stipitate, 6-lobed, subglobose, smooth; styles 3, ± free, 1 mm long, spreading, deeply bifid, stigmas filiform, ± straight or coiled. Fruit 2.2 x 3.5 mm, depressed, somewhat 3-lobed to subglobose, smooth, olivaceous. Seeds 2 x 1.5 x 1.3 mm, rounded-trigonous, ochreous, with 6-8 shallow scarcely perceptible longitudinal ridges on the dorsal facet, and 6 concentric such ridges on each ventral facet, with innumerable transverse striae between them.
Male flowers: pedicels 1 mm long; sepals 6, 2-seriate, the outer 2 × 0.5 mm, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, the inner 2.5 × 1 mm, lanceolate, subacute, minutely granulate without, white or cream-coloured with a greenish midrib; disk glands 6, in 3 pairs opposite the inner sepals, 0.3 × 0.2 mm, oblong, flat, ± smooth; stamens 3, filaments connate into a slender column 2 mm high, anthers 1 × 0.4 mm, free, divaricate, fusiform, connective broad, longitudinally dehiscent.
Female flowers: pedicels 2–4 mm long, extending to 5–6 mm in fruit; sepals 6, 3 × 1.5–2 mm, accrescent to 5 × 4 mm, broadly ovate-suborbicular, subacute to rounded, pale green with a creamy-white margin, venose, completely enclosing the fruit; disk 1.2 mm in diameter, 6-lobed, thick, papillose; ovary 1–1.5 mm in diameter, shortly stipitate, 6-lobed, subglobose, smooth; styles 3, ± free, 1 mm long, spreading, deeply bifid, stigmas filiform, ± straight or coiled.
Leaf blades 3–17 × 2–9 mm, elliptic, obovate or suborbicular, obtuse, rounded or retuse, sometimes mucronate, cuneate to rounded at the base, thinly chartaceous when dried, slightly asperulous along the midrib and main nerves above and beneath and on the margin or else quite glabrous, fleshy, pale green; lateral nerves in 3–5 pairs, weakly brochidodromous, scarcely prominent above, slightly so beneath.
Seeds 2 × 1.5 × 1.3 mm, rounded-trigonous, ochreous, with 6–8 shallow scarcely perceptible longitudinal ridges on the dorsal facet, and 6 concentric such ridges on each ventral facet, with innumerable transverse striae between them.
A bushy shrub up to 1.5 m tall, glabrous, asperulous, papillose or puberulous, monoecious or sometimes dioecious; stems with longitudinally peeling bark.
Scale leaves c. 1 mm long, linear-lanceolate; stipules c. 1.5 mm long, triangular-lanceolate, purplish-brown.
Foliage leaves distichous; petioles 0.5 mm long; stipules 1 mm long, linear-lanceolate, pale brown.
Fruit 2.2 × 3.5 mm, depressed, somewhat 3-lobed to subglobose, smooth, olivaceous.
Short shoots developing, giving rise to secondary lateral shoots.
Twigs light brown at first, later becoming greyish.
Lateral leafy shoots 1–3(10) cm long.
Flowers solitary.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination -
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Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
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Cultivation

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Distribution

Phyllanthus macranthus world distribution map, present in Angola, Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:354200-1
WFO ID wfo-0000271430
COL ID 4H3ZW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phyllanthus macranthus

Lower taxons

Phyllanthus macranthus var. gilletii Phyllanthus macranthus var. macranthus