Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.

Madras leaf-flower (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Phyllanthaceae > Phyllanthus

Characteristics

Monoecious spreading or stiffly erect unbranched or much branched glabrous woody perennial (or apparently annual) herb 15–90 (–120) cm. tall.. Shoots monomorphic, indefinite, angular, often reddish or brownish tinged.. Leaves spirally arranged; petioles 1 mm. long; blades linear, linear-lanceolate, oblong-linear, narrowly oblanceolate or obovate, (0.7–)1–3(–6) cm. long, (1–)2–7(–17) mm. wide, acute, subacute, obtuse or rounded, tapered to a cuneate or rounded-cuneate base, firmly membranous to thinly chartaceous, lateral nerves 4–8 pairs, not prominent above, slightly prominent away from the midrib beneath, dull grey-green or somewhat glaucous.. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–2(–4) mm. long, 0.7–1 mm. wide at the base, acutely acuminate, obliquely rounded or cordate-auriculate, subentire, white with a median brown stripe.. Male flowers 1–4 per axil in the upper leaf-axils, usually together with 1 female flower, and female flowers also solitary in the axils of the lower two-thirds of the flowering shoots.. Male flowers: pedicels 1 mm. long; sepals 6, obovate-suborbicular, 1 mm. long, 0.8 mm. broad, obtuse, yellowish green or whitish; disc-glands 6, small, free, circular, flat, ± smooth, whitish; stamens 3, the filaments partly united into a short column 0.2 mm. high, but with short free apical portions, anthers vertically held, 0.5 mm. long, thecae bilobed, longitudinally dehiscent, bright yellow.. Female flowers: pedicels 1.5–2 mm. long; sepals 6, biseriate, suborbicular-obovate or subspathulate, the 3 outer 2 mm. long, 1.5 wide, the inner slightly smaller, obtuse and slightly apiculate, dark olive-green, edged with white, sometimes pink flushed or reddish tinged; disc-glands 6, free, squarish in outline, flat, thin, pale green; ovary sessile, roundly trilobate, 1.3 mm. diameter, smooth; styles 0.5 mm. long, ± free, erect, shortly bifid, yellowish green.. Fruit depressed rounded-trilobate, 1.5–2 mm. long, 3 mm. diameter, smooth, shiny, olivaceous.. Seeds 1.3 mm. long, sharply triquetrous, subtetrahedriform, light brown with 14 closely parallel longitudinal rows of minute transversely lineate shiny black tubercles on the dorsal facet, and 11–12 ± concentric rows of such tubercles on each ventral facet.
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Annual or perennial herb, 0.1-1.0 m; monoecious; erect, Sub-Erect or decumbent; much branched; glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, chartaceous, linear, lanceolate, oblong, oblanceolate or obovate, acute, subacute, obtuse or rounded, base rounded-cuneate to attenuate. Stipules asymmetrically triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, Sub-Entire. Flowers present in almost all axils, distal axils with male or bisexual few-flowered fascicles, proximal with solitary, female flowers. Male flowers: sepals 6, biseriate; disc glands 6, minute, free, rounded, thin, flat, smooth; stamens 3. Female flowers: sepals 6, biseriate; disc glands 6, free, squarish, thin, flat, smooth; ovary sessile, rounded, 3-lobed, smooth; styles free, erect, shortly bifid. Fruit depressed, rounded or 3-lobed, smooth, segmentiform.
Leaf blades 1–5.5(7.5) × 0.2–1.5( 1.8) cm on the lead shoots, 0.5–3 × 0.05–0.9 cm on the lateral shoots, linear, lanceolate, oblong, oblanceolate or obovate, acute, subacute, obtuse or rounded, rounded-cuneate to attenuate at the base, chartaceous, smooth or slightly asperulous-papillose beneath and along the marginal nerve, grey-green above, somewhat glaucous beneath, sometimes edged with red; lateral nerves in 4–10 pairs, apically-directed, sometimes looped towards the apex, not prominent above, usually prominent beneath.
Female flowers: pedicels c. 2 mm long, not extending in fruit; sepals 6, biseriate, the outer accrescent to 1.8 × 1.2–1.3 mm, suborbicular-obovate, subacute, the inner sepals to 1.8 × 1–1.2 mm, somewhat spathulate, obtuse, dull green, often pinkish-or purplish-tinged, white-margined; disk glands 6, 0.3 mm across, free, squarish, thin, flat, smooth; ovary c. 1 mm in diameter, sessile, rounded-3-lobed, smooth; styles 3, 0.75 mm long, free, erect, shortly bifid.
Male flowers: pedicels 0.5–1 mm long; sepals 6, biseriate, the outer sepals 1.1–1.2 × 0.8 mm, obovate-spathulate, acute, the inner sepals 1.2 × 0.6 mm, oblong, rounded, yellowish-green; disk glands 6, minute, free, rounded, thin, flat, smooth; stamens 3, 1 mm long, filaments united into a short column, anthers 0.6 mm long, vertically held, apically free, thecae bilobed, longitudinally dehiscent, yellow.
Seeds 1.5 × 1.2 × 1.1 mm, segmentiform, dark brown, slightly shiny, with 12–15(22) rows of darker brown or blackish tubercles on the dorsal facet, and 11–12 concentric arcs of such tubercles on each ventral facet, the tubercles connected by a lattice of shallow lineate ridges.
Leaves spirally arranged; petioles (0.5)1(2) mm long; stipules 1–4 mm long, asymmetrically triangular-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, subentire, cordate-auriculate on one side at the base, whitish or pinkish-cream with a median brown stripe.
Perennial herb, up to 0.3 m high. Leaves with blade variously shaped, ± 30 x 7 mm, apex obtuse or rounded, margins flat, lateral veins prominent below. Flowers: perianth yellowish green; Nov.-Jun. Fruit sessile.
A herb or small shrub. It can grow for one or more years. It grows 10-60 cm high. Leaves are broadly sword shaped and 1-3 cm long by up to 1 cm wide. The fruit are round with 3 lobes. They are 3 mm across.
Perennial herb, up to 300 mm tall. Leaves linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, up to 30 mm long and 7 mm broad, lateral nerves prominent below, appressed. Flowers yellowish green.
Flowers present in almost all axils, distal axils with male or bisexual few-flowered fascicles, proximal with solitary female flowers.
An erect, suberect or decumbent much-branched glabrous annual or perennial herb up to 1 m tall, monoecious.
Lead shoots and lateral shoots differing chiefly in leaf size, angular, often reddish-or brownish-tinged.
Fruit 2 × 3 mm, depressedrounded-3-lobed, smooth, somewhat shiny, olivaceous, often reddish-tinged.
A woody undershrub or herb, of variable habit
Glabrous or slightly asperulate
A weed in cultivated ground.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Deciduous woodland, wooded savannah and grassland, on beaches and dunes, and also along streams and ponds, in cultivated and disturbed localities, at elevations from sea-level up to 1,400 metres.
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It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It grows on sandy soils and limestone. It grows from sea level to 1,500 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-7
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The young leaves are cooked in curries with pulses. They are harvested before the plant flowers.
Uses animal food food material medicinal oil poison social use
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Headache (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis leaf picture by Susan Brown (cc-by-sa)
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Australia, Benin, Bangladesh, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Lesotho, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, eSwatini, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, Yemen, and South Africa

Conservation status

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:354211-1
WFO ID wfo-0000271444
COL ID 4H428
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 706643
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phyllanthus arabicus Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Phyllanthus brachypodus Phyllanthus javanicus Nellica maderaspatana Diasperus maderaspatensis Phyllanthus longifolius Phyllanthus maderaspatensis f. fastigiatus Phyllanthus maderaspatensis f. thermarum Phyllanthus vaccinioides

Lower taxons

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis var. maderaspatensis