Phymaspermum aciculare (e.Mey. ex Harv.) Benth. & Hook. ex B.D.Jacks

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Phymaspermum

Characteristics

Single-stemmed, leafy shrub, 0.45-1.5 m high. Stem few-branched; branches erect, glabrous with few glands; fascicles rarely present in leaf axils. Leaves alternate, erect to spreading, 3.0-20.0 x 0.8-1.5 mm, linear, mucronate, entire, without petiole-like base, without secondary basal lobes, glabrous on both surfaces, leathery; basal swelling present, continuous with stem ribs. Capitula discoid or radiate, homogamous or heterogamous, terminal, solitary, with 3-5 additional capitula from leaf axils below, pedunculate; peduncles 7.0-48.0 mm long, glabrous. Involucre 4.0-6.0 x 3.0-6.0 mm, broadly to narrowly campanulate or funnel-shaped, usually tapering at the base; involucral bracts 3-or 4-seriate, tightly arranged, margins and apices scarious, sometimes completely scarious especially third and fourth bracts, membranous apices of inner bracts 0.5-1.0 mm long, glabrous, brown margins absent, median resin canals present; outer bracts deltoid to lanceolate, 1.2-1.8 mm long, acute, sometimes mucronate; middle bracts deltoid to lanceolate or elliptic, 1.8-2.8 mm long, rounded to acute or sometimes mucronate; inner bracts narrowly obelliptic to lanceolate or linear, 2.2-3.2 mm long, rounded; innermost bracts narrowly obelliptic to linear, 2.4-4.0 mm long, rounded. Receptacle flat to convex; paleae in marginal series, narrowly obelliptic to linear, 2.7-4.0 mm long, rounded, scarious. Ray florets (when present) 3-4; tube 1.0-1.7 mm long; limb obelliptic, 3.0-5.0 x 1.8-2.8 mm, apically 3-dentate, white. Disc florets 13-32, without resin canals; corolla 2.0-3.5 mm long, with only glandular trichomes, yellow; tube 1.0-2.6 mm long; limb campanulate, 1.0-1.7 mm long (excluding lobes); lobes spreading, ± 0.7 mm long, triangular. Anthers ±2.8 mm long (including apical appendage); apical appendage elliptic to lanceolate. Style 1.8-2.6 mm long (excluding branches); branches 0.1-0.4 mm long. Cypselas 2.5 x 1.0 mm, obovate, 10-ribbed, apical rim thickened, entire to slightly dentate, glandular trichomes present, sparse, scattered, not mucilaginous when soaked, discontinuous resin canals in ribs absent. Flowering is from September to May.
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Dwarf shrub, up to 0.9 m high. Leaves alternate, distantly set; mostly on lower half of branches; blade linear, margins entire, pungent-tipped, glabrous. Heads radiate or discoid, 12-15-flowered, 7-8 mm in diameter, in lax corymbs, pedunculate. Involucral bracts 2-or 3-seriate, imbricate, ciliate. Receptacle epaleate. Flowers: ray florets (if present) 1 or 2, white; disc florets corolla 5-lobed, yellow; Oct.-May. Fruit with cypsela cylindric, ribbed, glandular. Pappus absent.
Loose shrublet, up to 0.8 m tall, leafy on young parts or leaves reduced. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5-15 mm long, diminishing rapidly in size upwards, leathery, shortly pungent, tips sometimes recurved, concave above, leathery, glabrous. Flowerheads in loose corymbs on wiry peduncles terminating slender stems, sparsely radiate; ray florets white; disc florets yellow, 5-8 mm diam.
Dwarf shrub, up to 0.9 m high. Leaves alternate, linear, entire, pungent-tipped. Capitula discoid or radiate, 12-15-flowered, in lax corymbs. Ray florets 1 or 2, white, sometimes absent. Disc florets yellow. Flowering time Oct.-Mar. Pappus absent. Cypselae cylindric, ribbed.
Dwarf shrub, up to 500 mm tall. Leaves linear, entire, pungent-tipped. Heads 12-15-flowered, 7-8 mm in diameter, in lax corymbs; outer female flowers 1-or 2-ligulate, sometimes absent. Flowers with white rays (if rays present), disc yellow.
Life form -
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature height (meter) 0.8 - 0.9
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Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

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Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Distribution

Phymaspermum aciculare world distribution map, present in Namibia and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:235053-1
WFO ID wfo-0000068036
COL ID 4HDKM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Oligoglossa acicularis Phymaspermum aciculare Jacosta acicularis