Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.

Common ninebark (en), Physocarpe à feuilles d'obier (fr), Spirée à feuilles d'obier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Physocarpus

Characteristics

Shrubs, to 30 dm. Stems spreading to ascending, ± glabrous. Leaves: stipules narrowly ovate, 6–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm, ?apex acute?; petiole 1–3 cm; blade ovate to obovate, 6–8.5(–10) × 4–7(–10) cm, usually longer than wide, base broadly cuneate to truncate, 3(–5)-lobed, margins irregularly serrate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy abaxially. Inflorescences 30–50-flowered, open, hemispheric racemes, 5 cm diam.; bracts elliptic to spatulate or rhombic, 5 × 2.5 mm, apex acute to 3-fid or coarsely erose, ?faces glandular?. Pedicels 1–2 cm, usually stellate-hairy. Flowers 7–10 mm diam.; hypanthium cup-shaped, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy; sepals ?pale green to white, darker in center?, triangular, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex ?mucronate?, gland-tipped, surfaces usually stellate-hairy; petals white to pale pink, broadly elliptic to orbiculate, 4–5 × 4–5 mm; stamens equal to or exceeding petals, ?anthers purplish?; carpels 3–5, connate basally, sparsely stellate-hairy, glabrescent. Follicles 3–5, ?connate basally, bright red to brownish red?, ovoid, 5–10 mm (lengths ca. 2 times sepals), sparsely stellate-hairy, ± glabrescent; styles 4 mm. Seeds 2(–5), ?pyriform, 2 mm?. 2n = 18.
More
Shrub to 3 m, the bark exfoliating in narrow strips; petioles 1–3 cm; lvs ovate to obovate, the principal ones ± 3-lobed, irregularly serrate, broadly cuneate to truncate at base; pedicels 1–2 cm; sep 1.5–2.5 mm; fls 7–10 mm wide; fr 5–10 mm, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; 2n=18. Moist, sandy or rocky soil, especially along streambanks and shores; Que. to N.D. and Colo., s. to N.C., Tenn., and Ark., also escaped from cult. May–July. The form with stellate fr, commoner toward the west, has been called var. intermedius (Rydb.) B. L. Rob. (Opulaster opulifolius; O. australis)
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 2.0 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Banks of streams.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-6

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Analgesic (bark), Emetic (bark), Laxative (bark), Tuberculosis Remedy (bark), Venereal Aid (bark), Cathartic (bark), Gynecological Aid (bark), Analgesics (bark), Emetics (bark), Gonorrhea (bark), Emetic (root), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, divisions or seedlings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 12
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -25
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Physocarpus opulifolius habit picture by Nicolas Tison (cc-by-sa)
Physocarpus opulifolius habit picture by Lily Jones (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Physocarpus opulifolius leaf picture by Jacques D (cc-by-sa)
Physocarpus opulifolius leaf picture by Dmitrii Sav (cc-by-sa)
Physocarpus opulifolius leaf picture by Shoshanna Sho (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Physocarpus opulifolius flower picture by Monocycle-ing Linguiste (cc-by-sa)
Physocarpus opulifolius flower picture by Julia (cc-by-sa)
Physocarpus opulifolius flower picture by Семенова Ольга (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Physocarpus opulifolius fruit picture by Dmitrii Sav (cc-by-sa)
Physocarpus opulifolius fruit picture by Philippe de Spoelberch (cc-by-sa)
Physocarpus opulifolius fruit picture by Philippe de Spoelberch (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Physocarpus opulifolius world distribution map, present in Austria, Belarus, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Croatia, Korea (Republic of), Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20005342-1
WFO ID wfo-0001017550
COL ID 6VHZC
BDTFX ID 73549
INPN ID 113342
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Spiraea caroliniana Opulaster bullatus Neillia opulifolia Physocarpus riparia Physocarpus ferrugineus Physocarpus glabra Opulaster alabamensis Opulaster australis Opulaster opulifolius Opulaster stellatus Spiraea opulifolia Neillia stellata Physocarpus opulifolius var. luteus Neillia opulifolia var. ferruginea Physocarpus opulifolius var. opulifolius Physocarpus opulifolius Physocarpus opulifolius