Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.

Phytolaque de Pékin (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Phytolaccaceae > Phytolacca

Characteristics

Herbs perennial, glabrous, 0.5-1.5 m tall. Roots obconic, thick, fleshy. Stems erect, green or reddish purple, terete, longitudinally grooved, fleshy, branched. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, 10-30 × 4.5-15 cm, papery, base cuneate, apex acuminate or sharply pointed. Racemes erect, terete, usually shorter than leaves, densely flowered; peduncle 1-4 cm. Pedicel 6-10(-13) mm. Flowers bisexual, ca. 8 mm in diam. Tepals 5, white or yellowish green, elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 3-4 × ca. 2 mm, equal, after anthesis reflexed. Stamens 8-10, ca. as long as tepals; filaments persistent, white, subulate, base broad; anthers pink, elliptic. Carpels usually 8, distinct. Styles erect, short, apex curved. Infructescence erect. Berry purplish black when mature, oblate, ca. 7 mm in diam. Seeds reniform, ca. 3 mm, 3-angulate, smooth. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 18, 36*, 72.
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Plants to 1.5(-3) m. Leaves: petiole 1-7 cm, sometimes obscure; blade elliptic, often broadly so, to lanceolate-elliptic, to 35 × 19 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Racemes dense, erect at least in flower and young fruit, 5-30 cm; peduncle to 5 cm; pedicel 6-13 mm, sometimes obscure. Flowers: sepals 5, white or greenish white, elliptic to oblong, equal to subequal, 3-4 mm; stamens 7-10, in 1 whorl; carpels 7-8, distinct. Achenes black, 4 mm, smooth to somewhat rugose; pericarp firmly adherent to seed.
A herb. It is soft and juicy. It grows 1.5 m tall. The roots are thick and fleshy. The stems have grooves along them. They can be green or red-purple. The leaves have stalks. These are 1.5-3 cm long. The leaves are 12-26 cm long by 5-10 cm wide. They are oval and narrowed towards the leaf stalk. The flowers have stalks. The flowers are greenish. The fruit is a berry which is 7 mm across and purplish black when mature.
Of China and Japan, is reported to be established as a weed in Wis. It resembles P. americana in aspect, but has 8 stamens and 8 distinct carpels. The carpels ripen into distinct frs, each with a thin dry pericarp and a large black seed, the set of frs collectively no larger than a berry of P. americana; 2n=36. (P. esculenta)
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In Nepal it grows between 2200-3200 m altitude. It grows in the shade of forest trees. It grows in wetlands. In China it grows in valleys in forest understories in moist fertile lands from 500-3400 m altitude. It grows in Yunnan. It occurs in Sichuan.
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Valleys, hillsides, forest understoreys, forest margins and roadsides at elevations of 500-3,400 metres. It is also found in cultivated land beside houses, in moist fertile lands and as a weed.
Valleys, hillsides, forest understories, forest margins and roadsides at elevations of 500-3400 metres. It is also found in cultivated land houses, moist fertile lands and as a weed.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

The tender leaves and shoots are cooked as a green vegetable. They are cooked twice changing the water in between. They are used in curries. They are also used in stir fries. CAUTION: The root is toxic. The fruit are poisonous. The root is sliced then boiled and soaked in changes of water and steamed before eating. The fruit are occasionally used as a flavouring.
Uses dye eating food leaf vegetable medicinal ornamental poison
Edible flowers leaves roots shoots
Therapeutic use Pain (root), Antidote (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Hallucinogen (unspecified), Hydropsy (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Apoplexy (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or root offshoots.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 12 - 18
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Phytolacca acinosa habit picture by Hanneke van Dalen (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca acinosa habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca acinosa habit picture by birgit krack (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Phytolacca acinosa leaf picture by Markus (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca acinosa leaf picture by agilob (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca acinosa leaf picture by Denisa Regine Novotná (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Phytolacca acinosa flower picture by Kačor Martin (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca acinosa flower picture by Rob van den Berg (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca acinosa flower picture by Rolf Steinbach (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Phytolacca acinosa fruit picture by Fazekas Zsolt (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca acinosa fruit picture by Miranda Janssen (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca acinosa fruit picture by ingo schuch (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Phytolacca acinosa world distribution map, present in Bhutan, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Croatia, India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Slovakia, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:323289-2
WFO ID wfo-0000482074
COL ID 4HM9C
BDTFX ID 49291
INPN ID 113417
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Phytolacca pekinensis Phytolacca acinosa