Phytolacca icosandra L.

Tropical pokeweed (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Phytolaccaceae > Phytolacca

Characteristics

Stout herbs 1-2 meters tall, sometimes rather succulent, with sharply angled and often pubescent branches. Leaves narrowly elliptic or sometimes ovate-elliptic, the apex acute, the base narrowed and decurrent along the petiole, 6.5-15 cm. long, 2.3-5.0 cm. broad. Inflorescence an elongate pubescent raceme of densely crowded flowers, 16-30 cm. long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long; bracts lanceolate-linear, 3-4 mm. long, the bracteoles about 0.8 mm. long. Tepals broadly elliptic or obovate, the apex rotund, pink, white, or sometimes greenish, occasionally pubescent, 2.5-3.5 mm. long. Stamens 8-20, inserted in 2 cycles on a disc at the base of the perianth, about 3 mm. long. Ovary 6-8 carpellate, the carpels com-pletely united, the styles free but connivent, often recurved. Fruit a subglobose purple berry 6-8 mm. in diameter. Seed shiny black.
More
Erect herb, 50-100 cm high; stem angular. Leaves ovate-oblong, oblong or lanceolate, 6-20 by 1½-9 cm; petiole 2-6 cm. Racemes erect or sub-erect, 12-35 cm long when adult (including 5-10 cm long peduncle), rather dense, sometimes very dense; rachis of raceme red, rather densely patently papillose. Tepals ovate-oval-obovate, during anthesis pink, 3-4 mm long, under the ripe fruit dark red, 4-5 mm. Stamens, at least in the middle and lower flowers, 10-22, partly on the margin of the disk, partly on the underside of it; in the highest flowers sometimes not more than 7-9, on the margin of the disk. Styles 7-10. Fruit 7-8 mm diam., faintly lobed. Seeds ± 2½ mm.
Plants to 3 m. Leaves: petiole 0.5-6 cm; blade elliptic to obovate or rarely lanceolate, to 30 × 15 cm, base obtuse to attenuate, apex acute. Inflorescences spikes or spikelike, surpassing subtending leaves, to 30 cm; peduncle to 10 cm; pedicel 0.5-2 mm. Flowers: sepals 5, white or pink to pale reddish, broadly elliptic, equal, to 3 × 2 mm; stamens (8-)10-22(-30), usually in 2 whorls; carpels mostly 6-10, connate; ovary 6-10-loculed. Berries purple-black, 7-8 mm diam. Seeds black, thickly lenticular, 2.5-3 mm, shiny.
A herb. It grows 1.5 m tall. The leaves are large and narrowly oval. They are alternate. The flowers are white or red. They occur in a large group in the axils of leaves near the ends of stalks. The fruit are black.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Forest-borders, light forests, road-sides, waste places, locally sometimes very numerous but, on the whole, rare.
More
A tropical plant. In Guatemala it grows up to 2,900 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal poison
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use Inflammation (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Glands (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Phytolacca icosandra leaf picture by erick cuevas (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Phytolacca icosandra flower picture by erick cuevas (cc-by-sa)
Phytolacca icosandra flower picture by erick cuevas (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Phytolacca icosandra fruit picture by erick cuevas (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Phytolacca icosandra world distribution map, present in Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Malaysia, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, eSwatini, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:323292-2
WFO ID wfo-0000482093
COL ID 6VHLW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630407
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Phytolacca altamiranii Phytolacca icosandra Phytolacca venezuelensis Sarcoca icosandra Phytolacca purpurascens Phytolacca malabarica Phytolacca sessiliflora Phytolacca icosandra var. sessiliflora Phytolacca octandra var. angustifolia