Picea engelmannii Engelm.

Engelmann's spruce (en), Épicéa de l'Arizona (fr)

Species

Gymnosperms > Pinales > Pinaceae > Picea

Characteristics

A large tree. It grows to 35 m tall. The trunk is 90 cm across. It can be 60 m high and 2 m across. The bark is broken into large, loose coarse scales. The leaves are curved and somewhat flexible. They are 15-25 mm long. The tip can be pointed or blunt. They are bluish-green but often coated with a white layer. There are lines of white dots on all sides. The leaves have a smell when crushed. The seed cones are narrowly oval and 3-7 cm long. They are shiny. The scales are yellow brown and flexible. They are loose fitting and taper at both ends. They have irregular teeth. The cones open in autumn and are shed during winter. They often retain some seeds. The seeds are dark brown and 2-4 mm long.
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Varieties 2 (1 in the flora): North America, Mexico.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.45
Mature height (meter) 20.0 - 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Montane regions to the tree-line, especially by swamps. Often found on poor thin rocky soils, though the best specimens are growing in deep well-drained clay-loam soils.
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It is a cool temperate plant. It grows in the mountains. It occurs between 1000-2000 m altitude in Canada. It is shade tolerant. It suits hardiness zones 1-8.
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

The inner bark or cambium is eaten fresh or dried. The tender shoots stripped of their needles are boiled and eaten. The needles are used for tea. The sap is eaten.
Uses beverage charcoal environmental use fiber material medicinal tea wood
Edible barks flowers seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Respiratory Aid (bark), Tuberculosis Remedy (bark), Cancer Treatment (bark), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Ceremonial Medicine (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Psychological Aid (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Eczema (unspecified), Respiratory tract diseases (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 12
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Picea engelmannii leaf picture by Eric Larsen (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Picea engelmannii fruit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Picea engelmannii fruit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Picea engelmannii fruit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Picea engelmannii world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Conservation status

Picea engelmannii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:262646-1
WFO ID wfo-0000482495
COL ID 4HQ2J
BDTFX ID 49306
INPN ID 113434
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Picea columbiana Abies nigra Pinus commutata Picea engelmannii Picea engelmannii f. glauca Picea engelmannii f. argentea Picea engelmannii f. pendula Picea engelmannii f. fendleri Picea engelmannii f. microphylla Picea columbiana Abies engelmannii Abies commutata Picea engelmannii var. glabra Picea glauca var. engelmannii Picea glauca subsp. engelmannii Picea engelmannii var. franciscana Picea engelmannii var. columbiana Abies engelmannii var. glauca Picea engelmannii var. fendleri Picea engelmannii var. engelmannii Picea engelmannii var. typica

Lower taxons

Picea engelmannii subsp. mexicana Picea engelmannii subsp. engelmannii