Picrasma javanica Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Simaroubaceae > Picrasma

Characteristics

Tree, up to 20 m, bole up to 15 m and 35 cm ø. Bark grey to brown, smooth, fissured. Leaves 2-3(-4)-jugate; petiole 2-6 cm, as the rachis terete, sparsely puberulous to glabrous; petiolules 0-7 mm; leaflets entire, sometimes with a waved or wrinkled margin, usually rather abruptly blunt-acuminate, cuneate at the base, 4-20 by 1-10 cm; nerves 3-8 pairs; on upper surface midrib crested, nerves narrowly sulcate, venation indistinct; underneath nerves and reticulate venation prominent. Stipules foliaceous, flabellately veined, nearly orbicular with rounded apex and acute base, 7-25 by 5-20 mm, usually early caducous, leaving a rather large scar. Inflorescences up to 20 cm long, planoconvex. Bracts obovate, rounded, very early caducous. Flowers 4-merous, white to yellow or green. Pedicels c. 10 mm in female and up to 7 mm in male flowers. Sepals glabrous to puberulous, triangular to ovate, acutish, c. 1 mm. Petals ovate-oblong or oblong, often acute-acuminate to mucronate, glabrous or sparsely hairy, with a conspicuous midrib, in male flowers 2-5 by 1-2 mm; in female flowers 3-7 by 3-5 mm, accrescent to 10-15(-20) by c. 7(-10) mm. Disk hairy, 4-lobed, 0.5-1 mm high. Stamens usually longer than petals in male flowers, shorter than petals in female flowers; filaments gradually thinner towards the top, hairy at the base, 0.5-1 mm in female and 1-5 mm in male flowers; anthers 1-2 by 0.75-0.5 mm in male and up to 1 by 0.5 mm and barren in female flowers. Carpels up to 4, glabrous or puberulous; styles 1-1½ mm, stigmas c. 2 mm. Fruits 1-4, green to red or blue, ovoid to depressed-globose, c. 9-10 by 7-12 mm.
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A tree. It grows 24 m tall. The trunk is 35 cm across. The bark is smooth and brittle. The leave are compound with 5-7 leaflets. The leaflets are 4-20 cm long by 1-10 cm wide. They are wedge shaped at the base and taper to the tip. The flowers are in compound groups in the axils of leaves. These are 20 cm long and male and female flowers are separate. Female flowers are twice as long as the male. The flowers are white to yellow. The fruiting body has 1-4 fruit. These are fleshy and oval or a flattened round shape. They are 9-10 mm long by 7-12 mm wide.
Life form -
Growth form tree
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Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
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Mature width (meter) 0.35
Mature height (meter) 20.0
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Usually rather scarce, scattered in rain forests from sea-level up to 1500 m. Fl. fr. Jan.-Dec.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in the rainforest up to 1,500 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. The bark contains quassiin, which gives it a bitterness and causes it to be used in Burma and Java in lieu of quinine, though there is no alkaloid in it. In Java the leaves may be applied to sores. The trunk is too small for timber and the wood is not durable ( HEYNE Nutt. Pl. 1927 872 BURK. Dict. 1935 1723 ).
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The leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses food material medicinal timber wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Antipyretics (bark), Antidote (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Larvicide (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified)
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Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
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Distribution

Picrasma javanica world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Picrasma javanica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:813957-1
WFO ID wfo-0001140410
COL ID 4HQLD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Brucea dubia Picrasma javanica Triscaphis kerrii Picrasma philippinensis Picrasma napalensis Zanthoxylum javanicum