Picrasma quassioides Benn.

Nigaki (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Simaroubaceae > Picrasma

Characteristics

Trees, deciduous, up to 10 m tall; bark purplish brown, smooth, with gray stripes. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 15-30 cm; stipules lanceolate, early deciduous; leaflets 9-15; blades ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate, base cuneate, oblique except for terminal leaflet, both surfaces glabrous except abaxially pubescent on midrib or lateral veins when young, then glabrescent, apex acuminate; leaf scar conspicuous, semirounded or rounded. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes; rachis densely yellow-brown puberulent. Sepals 4 or 5, small, ovate or oblong, abaxially yellow-brown puberulent, imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, ovate or broadly ovate, both surfaces with midrib puberulent. Stamens 2 × as long as petals in males, shorter than petals in females, opposite sepals. Disk 4-or 5-lobed. Carpels 4 or 5, free. Druparium blue-green when ripe, globose, 6-8 × 5-7 mm, calyx persistent, testa thin. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
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A scrambling shrub or tree. It grows 8 m high and spreads 8 m wide. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are divided into leaflets along the stalk. The leaflets are opposite and have sharp teeth. They turn yellow to orange in autumn. The flowers are small and pale green. They are in loose clusters. The fruit are berry like. They are small and red.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.75 - 5.5
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It needs a well-drained soil. It can grow in sun or light shade. In Pakistan it grows in mountains in mixed forest between 1,400-3,200 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 3-9. Burnie Rhodo Gardens.
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Lowland woods and hills. Forests in the higher hills of the W. Himalayas, in ravines under forests of deodar, oak, fir etc, 1800-2400 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The fruit are eaten. The young buds are used to make tea. A bitter extract from the tree is used as a hop substitute for brewing beer
Uses environmental use material medicinal tea wood
Edible barks flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Antipyretics (bark), Antipyretics (root), Fever (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Pulicide (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Bitter-Principle (unspecified), Antifungal agents (wood), Antiparasitic agents (wood), Antipyretics (wood), Antiviral agents (wood), Appetite stimulants (wood), Liver cirrhosis (wood), Stomach ulcer (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Picrasma quassioides unspecified picture

Distribution

Picrasma quassioides world distribution map, present in Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), and Taiwan, Province of China

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:813963-1
WFO ID wfo-0000474766
COL ID 4HQLL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Zwingera quassioides Picrasma japonica Picrasma quassioides Nima quassioides Rhus ailanthoides Simaba quassioides Picrasma ailanthoides Picrasma quassioides f. glabrescens Picrasma quassioides var. quassioides