Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm.

Rockweed (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Urticaceae > Pilea

Characteristics

Herbs weak, glabrous, monoecious. Stems erect or ascending, blue-green when dry, simple or branched, 3-17 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm in diam., succulent, cystoliths dense. Stipules persistent, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm, membranous; petiole slender, unequal in length, 1-4 mm; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, obovate or spatulate, unequal in size, 2-7 × 1.5-3 mm, succulent, papery when dry, midvein indistinct distally, lateral veins several, indistinct, abaxial surface honeycombed, cystoliths linear, adaxial, regularly transverse, base cuneate or attenuate, margin entire, somewhat recurved, apex obtuse. Inflorescences often androgynous, compactly cymose-capitate; peduncle 1.5-6 mm, sometimes sessile; glomerules few flowered. Male flowers pedicellate, ca. 0.7 mm; perianth lobes ovate, subapically corniculate; rudimentary ovary minute, conic. Female perianth lobes subequal, oblong, longer lobe subequal to achene. Achene ovoid, ca. 0.4 mm, compressed, smooth, enclosed by persistent perianth. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
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Glabrous, succulent, much-branched herb, up to 30 cm. high, variable in size and habit; leaves usually crowded throughout the length of the branches, entire, succulent, those of a pair unequal, the larger prevailingly obovate, up to 1 cm. long, petiolate, obtuse or subacute, tapering at base, the smaller orbicular or obovate-orbicular, rarely more than 3 mm. long, sessile or short-petioled; cystoliths linear, transverse across the leaf-blade; plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, the flower clusters very small, sessile or nearly so; achenes ovate, about 0.3 mm. long. Throughout the American tropics, up to 2500 m. altitude, occurring in a variety of habitats, as in crevices of stone walls or pavements, on mossy roots or rocks, or on the forest floor; often cultivated as a border plant or in pots.
Herb up to 30 cm high, with branched stems, usually monoecious. Stems 0.5-5 mm thick, glabrous. Leaves of a pair unequal; stipules lacking (?); petiole up to 0.4 cm long; blade papyraceous, broadly obovate to narrowly obovate, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or ovate to broadly ovate to suborbicular, 0.1-1 x 0.1-0.5 cm, apex rounded, obtuse or subacute, base attenuate to acute or obtuse to rounded, margin entire, both surfaces glabrous; secondary veins lacking. Inflorescences in the leaf axils, subsessile or up to 0.2 cm long pedunculate, sparsely branched, with up to ca. 15, subsessile flowers. Staminate flowers: tepals ca. 0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers: tepals 0.1-0.3 mm long. Achene ca. 0.3 mm long.
Low or procumbent to ± prostrate herb to 40 cm high, annual to short-lived perennial, monoecious, much-branched, somewhat succulent, glabrous without stinging hairs. Leaves: lamina elliptic to obovate, entire, subacute to obtuse apex, cuneate and usually oblique at base, 1.5–6 mm long, 2–5 mm wide, one leaf of each pair smaller than the other; petiole 1–2.5 mm long. Inflorescence few-flowered, globose. Male flowers 4-merous. Female flowers with 1 perianth lobe larger than the other 2 and cucullate, almost 1 mm long, enclosing the developing achene. Achenes ovoid, slightly laterally compressed, c. 0.4 mm long, brown, enclosed in persistent perianth.
Herbs , annual or short-lived perennial, 0.3-2 dm. Stems 10-40-branched, erect. Leaf blades spatulate to obovate, paired blades unequal, the larger 3-10 × 1.5-5.5 mm, the smaller 1.5-4 × 0.7-2 mm, margins entire. Inflorescences crowded. Flowers ca. 0.5 mm across. Achenes uniformly light brown, slightly compressed, ovoid-cylindric, ca. 0.5(-1.1) × 0.3 mm, smooth.
A herb that grows each year from seed. It is a creeping plant. The stems are branched. The leaves are very small and fleshy. They are round and 2-3 mm across. The flowers are white and of one sex. They form groups in the axils of the leaves. There are only a few flowers. The fruit is small and has one seed.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

On walls and in waste, rocky places in Bermuda. Moist or wet, shaded banks, often on old walls of masonry or adobe, or in moist soil about dwellings, frequent among cobblestones of streets; at elevations up to 1,600 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. In Ecuador it grows between sea level and 3,500 m above sea level. It is often in shady areas and near water. It can survive in dry places. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
Naturalised near gardens, often a weed in gardens and shady areas of lawns (Ross 1983: 64).
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Grown as an ornamental and used as a folk medicine.
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The leaves are eaten raw.
Uses environmental use magical plant medicinal ornamental
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Bruise (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Pilea microphylla leaf picture by c chelle (cc-by-sa)
Pilea microphylla leaf picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Pilea microphylla leaf picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Pilea microphylla flower picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Pilea microphylla flower picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)
Pilea microphylla flower picture by Luiza pazete Luiza pazete (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pilea microphylla world distribution map, present in Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kiribati, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Niue, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Réunion, Singapore, El Salvador, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Province of China, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1162156-2
WFO ID wfo-0000473246
COL ID 6VKFY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447657
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pilea subcrenata Pilea aripoensis Parietaria microphylla Pilea herniarifolia Urtica portulacoides Urtica herniarifolia Adicea microphylla Chamaecnide microphylla Pilea portula Pilea succulenta Urtica portulacina Dubrueilia microphylla Pilea muscosa Pilea peperomifolia Pilea portulacina Urtica microphylla Pilea microphylla var. longifolia Pilea muscosa var. microphylla Pilea trianthemoides var. microphylla Pilea microphylla

Lower taxons

Pilea microphylla var. succulenta Pilea microphylla var. domingensis