Trees to 30 m tall; trunk to 1.5 m d.b.h.; bark orange-red, red-brown, or brown-yellow, flaking and scaly; crown umbrellalike; 1st-year branchlets pale yellow or red-yellow, slightly glaucous, glabrous, white powdery or not; vegetative buds dark red-brown, oblong-ovoid, slightly resinous; scales slightly reflexed at apex. Needles 2 per bundle, twisted or not, semiorbicular in cross section, 5-15 cm × ca. 1 mm, vascular bundles 2, resin canals 3-9, marginal, margin inflexed or not. Seed cones erect or pendulous, shortly pedunculate, dark yellow-brown or brownish yellow, ovoid or ovoid-conical, 3-5.5 × 2.5-4.5 cm, dehiscent at maturity. Seed scales usually thin; apophyses usually appressed, broadly rhombic, flat or recurved at apex, rarely pyramidal and slightly ridged; umbo flat or slightly protruding into a minute spine. Seeds obovoid-ellipsoid or ovoid, 3-7 × ca. 3 mm; wing 1-2 cm × 5-7 mm. Pollination Apr-Jun, seed maturity Sep-Oct of 2nd year.
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A tree. It is 30 m tall. The trunk is 1.5 m across. The bark is orange red. It is flaky and scaly. The crown is like an umbrella. The first year branches are yellow or red. There are 2 needles per bundle. They are half round in cross section. The seed cones can be erect or hang down. They have short stalks. They are dark yellowish-brown. The are oval or cone shaped and 3-5.5 cm long by 2.5-4.5 cm wide. The seed scales are usually thin. The seeds are oval and 3-7 mm long by 3 mm wide. The wings are 1-2 cm wide by 5-7 mm thick.
Forests from coastal regions to mountains, along lakesides and on rocky hillsides, sometimes as a minor component in broadleaved forests but often forming extensive pure stands; at elevations from near sea level to 2,300 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows from coastal regions to hillsides from sea level to 900 m in N China. It suits hardiness zones 4-9. Arboretum Tasmania. Hobart Botanical Gardens.
Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
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