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Trees to 40 m tall; trunk to 1.2 m d.b.h. in native range, usually with adventitious sprouts; bark red-brown, plates scaly with evident resin pockets; crown rounded-conical; 2nd-year branchlets greenish brown or red-brown, aging red-brown or gray, slender, to 5 mm in diam., roughened and cracking below leafy portion; winter buds red-brown, ovoid or cylindric, resinous. Needles 2 (or 3) per bundle, gray-or yellow-green, straight, slightly twisted, (5-)7-11(-13) cm × ca. 1 mm, stomatal lines present on all surfaces, base with persistent sheath 0.5-1(-1.5) cm. Seed cones solitary or clustered, subsessile or shortly pedunculate (peduncle to 1 cm), red-brown, aging gray, ovoid-conical when open, 4-7 cm, maturing in 2 years. Seed scales lacking contrasting dark border adaxially distally; umbo with an elongated or stout and short, sharp prickle. Seeds gray or nearly black, ellipsoid, ca. 6 mm; wing 1.2-1.6 cm.
Tree to 35 m; bark at first scaly and nearly black, later becoming red-brown and scaly-plated; twigs pale and glaucous; winter buds less than 1 cm, red-brown to gray-brown, not strongly resinous; lvs in 2’s or 3’s, persistent 2–4 years, soft, dark green, 7–12 cm × ca 1 mm; cones divergent, ovoid to ovoid-conic, 4–6 cm, opening at maturity but persisting several years; apophysis somewhat elevated, the umbo low-pyramidal, with a stout or slender, recurved or spreading spine 1–2 mm; seeds ca 2 cm. Dry, sandy or rocky soil; s. N.Y. to n. Fla., w. to s. O., s. Mo., e. Okla., and e. Tex.
An evergreen pine tree. It grows 35 m tall. The leaves are needle like and born in pairs.
