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Medium-sized to large, open tree. Bark lightly to moderately fissured, grey on surface, pinkish beneath; ridges between fissures broad. Shoots greenish or yellowish, glabrous. Buds ± broad-cylindric, not or scarcely resinous; scales reddish brown, free and often spreading, prominently fimbriate. Lvs 3 per fascicle, mostly in terminal tufts, (9)-13-21 cm × 1-1.3 mm, semi-rigid, bright green; resin canals median; sheaths usually 0.5-1 cm long on mature lvs. ♂ strobili 1.5-2 cm long, narrow-cylindric. Conelets sessile or nearly so; scales sharply mucronate. Mature cones ± pendent, deciduous, falling intact, sessile, 7-12 × 5-8 cm when open, ovoid-oblong or almost oblong, brown, dehiscent, symmetric; apophyses ± flattened except for horizontal keel; umbo with recurved spine c. 3-5 mm long. Seed wing oblong-obovoid, c. 2 cm long.
Tree to 30 m tall. Bark red-brown, persistent, broken into broad, flat ridges, becoming smooth above. Resting buds conical, 8-15 mm long, pale brown, non-resinous, with fringed, apically reflexed, persistent scales. Leaves glossy, bright green, finely toothed, stiff, often ±twisted, 15-22 cm long, in bundles of 3, with 2-4 internal and sometimes medial resin canals and stomatal lines on all sides; basal sheath 15-25 mm long. Female cones solitary or clustered, narrowly conical to oblong, sessile, symmetrical, yellow-brown, 6-12 cm long, persisting for 1-several years after maturity; scales oblong, with a strong, triangular reflexed terminal spine. Seeds with a well-developed wing.
Tree to 30 m; bark becoming red-brown, with scaly plates; terminal buds smaller than in no. 5 [Pinus palustris Mill.], scarcely 1.5 cm, their scales red-brown, differing from no. 7 in not being very resinous; lvs in 3’s, persistent 3 years, slender, dark green, soft and flexible, 14–25 cm; cones divergent, 7–13 cm, opening at maturity and falling the next year; apophysis thick, the umbo elevated into a triangular projection with a very short, spreading or reflexed spine; seeds ca 2.5 cm. Moist, sandy soil, chiefly on the coastal plain and (southward) on the piedmont; Cape May, N.J. to Fla. and Tex., and n. in the interior to Tenn. and Ark.
