Piper arboreum Aubl.

Species

Angiosperms > Piperales > Piperaceae > Piper

Characteristics

Shrub or treelet, 2-7 m tall, sometimes with long, arching branches, often strongly branching. Stem glabrous or minutely pubescent, upper internodes smooth or somewhat lenticellate. Shoot apex emerging from within sheathing leaf base, prophyll undeveloped. Petiole glabrous or minutely pubescent, 0.3-2 cm long, deeply vaginate, margin protracted beyond base of blade forming a ligule-like structure to 4 mm long; blade shiny green above, lighter to whitish below, oblong-ovate, (narrowly) ovate or (narrowly) elliptic, 10-25 x 6-11 cm, apex acute to (long-)acuminate, base unequally attached to petiole difference 0.5-1(-3) cm (less in young leaves), longest side obtuse, rounded to cordulate, in narrow leaves acute, shorter side acute to obtuse, glabrous or minutely pubescent below; pinnately veined, secondary veins 8-10 per side, originating from throughout primary vein, loop-connected towards apex, tertiary veins inconspicuously reticulate. Inflorescence erect; peduncle moderately stout, 0.5-1 cm long; spike 5-10(-17) cm long, whitish, yellow or pale green, apiculate, densely flowered; rachis glabrous; floral bracts 0.3-0.6 mm in diam., densely marginally fringed, conspicuously arranged in whorls; anthers dehiscing apically. Fruits dark green, laterally compressed, oblongoid or obovoid, 2 mm long, 0.8-1 mm in diam., glabrous or slightly papillose, stigmas 3-4, sessile.
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Shrub or treelet, 2-7 m tall, sometimes with long, arching branches, often strongly branching. Stem glabrous or minutely pubescent, upper internodes smooth or somewhat lenticellate. Shoot apex emerging from within sheathing leaf base, prophyll undeveloped. Petiole glabrous or minutely pubescent, 0.3-2 cm long, deeply vaginate, margin protracted beyond base of blade forming a ligule-like structure to 4 mm long; blade shiny green above, lighter to whitish below, oblong-ovate, (narrowly) ovate or (narrowly) elliptic, 10-25 x 6-11 cm, apex acute to (long-)acuminate, base unequally attached to petiole difference 0.5-1(-3) cm (less in young leaves), longest side obtuse, rounded to cordulate, in narrow leaves acute, shorter side acute to obtuse, glabrous or minutely pubescent below; pinnately veined, secondary veins 8-10 per side, originating from throughout primary vein, loop-connected towards apex, tertiary veins inconspicuously reticulate. Inflorescence erect; peduncle moderately stout, 0.5-1 cm long; spike 5-10(-17) cm long, whitish, yellow or pale green, apiculate, densely flowered; rachis glabrous; floral bracts 0.3-0.6 mm in diam., densely marginally fringed, conspicuously arranged in whorls; anthers dehiscing apically. Fruits dark green, laterally compressed, oblongoid or obovoid, 2 mm long, 0.8-1 mm in diam., glabrous or slightly papillose, stigmas 3-4, sessile.
A glabrous, somewhat nodose shrub, or small tree, mostly 2-7 m. tall; flowering internodes rather short but slender, more or less verrucose-warty; leaves elliptic-ovate, oblong, or lance-elliptic, mostly 6-11 cm. wide X 10-25 cm. long, apex gradually acute to short-acuminate, rounded at base, or narrow leaves acute, one side 5-10 mm. shorter at the petiole, or occasional leaves equilateral, pinnately nerved throughout, the nerves 8-10 on each side with some intermediates; petiole 5-10 plus 5-10 mm. long, vaginate-winged to the blade with the wings protracted beyond the lower blade margin; spikes rather slender and elongated, 2-4 mm. thick and up to 15 cm. long but mostly 5-10 cm.; peduncle 5-10 mm. long and mod-erately stout; bracts triangular-subpeltate, marginally ciliolate; fruit elongated with the rachis, glabrous; stigmas 3, sessile.
A tree.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Shady sites in moist, semi-deciduous or deciduous forest; at elevations from sea level to 1,500 metres.
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It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Use: According to Reinders, Piper arboreum is used against poisonous snake bites in the NW Distr., Guyana.
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Use: According to Reinders, Piper arboreum is used against poisonous snake bites in the NW Distr., Guyana.
Uses medicinal poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Piper arboreum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Piper arboreum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Piper arboreum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Piper arboreum flower picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Piper arboreum world distribution map, present in Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Suriname, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Piper arboreum threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:680435-1
WFO ID wfo-0000479741
COL ID 4J377
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630425
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Piper obrumbatum Piper crassicaule Piper guavanum Piper falcifolium Piper brittonorum Piper subpuberulum Piper macrophyllum Piper laevibracteum Piper nitidum Piper yaranum Steffensia geniculata Steffensia luschnathiana Artanthe dimidiata Artanthe geniculata Artanthe jamaicensis Artanthe macrophylla Piper subnudibracteum Piper jamaicense Piper olens Piper perinaequilongum Piper verrucosum Steffensia nitida Steffensia verrucosa Artanthe nitida Artanthe staminea Artanthe verrucosa Artanthe xestophylla Artanthe xylopioides Piper pullispicum Piper luschnathianum Piper xylopioides Steffensia xylopioides Piper macrophyllum Artanthe obrumbata Piper claudicans Piper nodulosum Piper perobumbratum Piper stamineum Piper jamaicense f. cuneatum Piper jamaicense f. magnifolia Piper jamaicense f. microphyllum Artanthe luschnathiana Piper exsectum Piper luschnathianum Piper arboreum var. latifolium Piper arboreum var. hirtellum Piper geniculatum var. latifolium Artanthe luschnathiana var. glabrata Artanthe xestophylla var. latifolia Piper arboreum subsp. stamineum Piper geniculatum var. stamineum Piper arboreum f. geniculata Piper dimidiatum Piper arboreum var. falcifolium Artanthe luschnathiana f. glabrata Artanthe macrophylla f. latifolia Piper tuberculatum var. allenii Piper arboreum var. arboreum Piper arboreum subsp. arboreum Piper geniculatum Piper barriosense Piper rigidum Piper arboreum var. giganteum Piper arboreum var. paucinervium Piper arboreum var. stamineum Piper geniculatum var. coriaceum Piper geniculatum var. jamaicense Piper geniculatum var. rigidum Piper geniculatum var. xestophyllum Piper ledebourii var. jamaicense Piper linguaefolium var. brevifolium Piper obumbratum var. parvifolium Piper rigidum var. verdeanum Piper stamineum var. longifolium Piper arboreum

Lower taxons

Piper arboreum subsp. holguinianum