Piper guineense Thonn.

Pepper (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Piperales > Piperaceae > Piper

Characteristics

Dioecious usually ± glabrous liane, 4–20(–23) m. tall, climbing into trees by means of adventitious roots near the nodes; stems glabrous or rarely pubescent; older stems with corky ridges.. Leaves alternate, very variable according to position, round to elliptic, ovate or lanceolate, 4.5–20.5 cm. long, 2–13 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, rounded to cordate at the base or cuneate, pubescent on nerves beneath or entirely glabrous, rarely pubescent all over; petiole 0.5–4 cm. long; nervation variable, the nerves palmate from at or near base, and usually additional pinnate ones.. Flowers yellow or yellow-green in terminal or lateral leaf-opposed spikes, 2–3 cm. long, attaining 4–10 cm. (rarely more) in fruit; peduncle glabrous or slightly pubescent, 0.5–1(–2.5) cm. long; bracts round or obovate, peltate, ± 1 mm. in diameter, ciliate at margin, pubescent beneath.. Stamens 2(–3).. Ovary ovoid; stigmas 3–5.. Fruits mostly red or reddish brown but also orange or yellow to buff, globose to obovoid, 3–6 mm. in diameter on pedicels 0.5–1 cm. long.
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A slightly woody creeper. It attaches to the trunks of trees. It grows 10 m long. The fruit occur in clusters. They are 5 mm across. They are orange-red in colour.
Fruit red or red-brown when ripe, black when dry.
A climber, 30–40 ft. long, on trees
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0 - 15.0
Root system adventitious-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Evergreen rain-forest, forest edges, usually in wet places, gallery forest along rocky rivers; at elevations of 750-1,650 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in forests, woodland and along rivers.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fresh or dried fruit is used to flavour soups, rice and other foods. It is like mild pepper. The leaves are added to soups. The leaves are also cooked and used as a substitute for tea. Leaves are chewed with betel nut as a substitute for Piper betle. Ash from the plants is used as a substitute for salt.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal poison social use spice tea
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Ache(Back) (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Dentifrice (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Herpes zoster (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Conception (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Enema (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Spice (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds or cuttings. Seeds germinate in about 22 days. Plants can be grown from stem cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Piper guineense leaf picture by Gnagbo Anthelme (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Piper guineense world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zambia

Conservation status

Piper guineense threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:681598-1
WFO ID wfo-0000479019
COL ID 4J49W
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Piper guineense Piper famechoni Piper leonense Cubeba clusii Piper clusii Piper zenkeri Piper sclerocladum Piper demeusii Piper laurentii