Piper umbellatum L.

Species

Angiosperms > Piperales > Piperaceae > Piper

Characteristics

Shrub or woody herb 0.9–4 m. tall, with many subsucculent stems forming a dense clump from a woody rootstock; stems scrambling, thick, glabrous, with adventitious roots.. Leaves dark green above, greyish beneath, almost circular to oblate or reniform, 5–36(–40) cm. long, 4.6–37(–42) cm. wide, shortly acuminate to rounded at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, fairly thin, ± glandular punctate, sparsely to densely pubescent on the nerves above and beneath and also on the conspicuously reticulate venation beneath; nerves 11–13(–15), palmate; petiole 6.5–30(–33) cm. long, dilated and sheathing basally.. Flowers hermaphrodite; spikes white, whitish grey, greenish or cream to yellow, 2–8 arranged in false umbels on reduced leafless shoots, (3–)4–12 cm. long, 1.5–3 mm. wide, glabrous; peduncles 0.4–1.7 cm. long; peduncular bracts white, narrow, 6–8 mm. long, deciduous; floralbracts triangular to ± round, 0.5–0.8 mm. wide, subpeltate, white-fimbriate at margins.. Stamens 2.. Stigmas 3.. Fruits brownish, obpyramidal, 3-angled, 0.6–0.8 mm. long, 0.4–0.6 mm. wide.
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Subshrubs erect, 1-2 m high. Stems thick, strong, striated. Petiole 15-25 cm, glabrous or ± hispidulous; leaf blade ovate or suborbicular, 17-37 × 15-32 cm, membranous, densely brown glandular, glabrous, or hispidulous along veins, base deeply cordate, ± bilaterally symmetric, apex mucronate or obtuse; veins 11-13, apical pair arising 1-2 cm above base, ± opposite, others basal. Flowers bisexual. Spikes (1-)2-7 in umbel-like clusters on short, axillary branches. Spikes 2-7 per umbel, 7-12 cm; peduncle of umbels thicker and longer than those of spikes; bracts triangular, ca. 1 × 0.5 mm, peltate, stalked, margin ciliate. Anthers much longer than filaments. Drupe obovoid or cuneate-obovoid, 0.7-1 × circa 0.5 mm, glandular. Fl. Nov
Aromatic shrub to 3 m high. Leaves: petioles to 30 cm long, shortly sheathing nodes, short-hairy; lamina broadly ovate to suborbicular, subpeltate, to 40 cm wide, cordate at base, acute, acuminate or rounded at apex, short-hairy on nerves, minutely ciliate on margin; veins c. 15 radiating from base, one pair above, the remainder arising from midvein. Spike erect, cylindrical; rachis to 11 cm long; peduncle 0.3–1.5 cm long; up to 15 spikes arranged umbellately on an axillary peduncle. Flowers bisexual; bracts triangular, margin conspicuously white-ciliate. Stamens 3. Stigmas 3, sessile. Fruit ± obovoid, 0.7–1 mm long, free.
Leaf lamina (5)6–36(40) ? (4.5)6–32(42) cm, subcircular to reniform, ± shortly acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, membranous, with a mint-like fragrance, discolorous, dark green and slightly shining above, lighter green below and ± glandular-punctate, sparsely to densely pubescent on the nerves above and beneath and also on the conspicuously reticulate venation beneath, ± ciliate at the margins; nerves 11–13(15), palmate, impressed above and prominent below, reticulation conspicuous below.
A small shrub. It is erect and 1-2 m high. The stems are thick, strong and with lines along them. The leaf stalk is 15-25 cm long. The leaf blade is oval and 17-37 cm long by 15-32 cm wide. They are like a membrane. They have brown glands. The base is deeply heart shaped. There is a sharp tip. There are 11-13 veins. The flowers have both sexes. The spikes are 2-7 together in clusters on short stalks in the axils of leaves. The spikes are 7-12 cm long.
Inflorescences glabrous, consisting of 2–8 spikes umbellately arranged on reduced leafless axillary shoots 4–12 cm long; umbel bracts up to 8 mm long, deciduous; spikes (4)5–10(12) cm long and c. 0.3 cm in diameter, bright greenish-white, glabrous, with slender peduncles 0.4–1.7 cm long.
Flowers bisexual; floral bracts 0.5 mm across triangular to ± subcircular, distinctly white fimbriate at the margins, petiolulate; stamens 2; stigmas 3.Fruit c. 0.6–0.8 ? 0.4–0.5 mm, obpyramidal, trigonous, brownish when ripe, glandular-punctate.
Petiole up to 30 cm long, dilated and amplexicaul at the base, grooved above, terete beneath, glabrous, glandular-punctate.
A shrub up to 3(4) m high, with numerous stems arising from a woody rootstock, becoming scrambling.
Stems subsucculent, thick, slightly striate, glabrous, with adventitious roots.
A shrub, 4–6 ft. high
White narrow catkins
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 2.5
Root system adventitious-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It needs a sheltered position and moist, well drained soil. It grows within wet places in the forests at about 300 m in Taiwan. In Zimbabwe it grows between 400-1,200 m above sea level. In Nigeria it grows to 1,830 m above sea level.
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Moist or wet forest and thickets, often in secondary growth, at elevations up to 1,500 metres. Undergrowth of evergreen rainforest, also in clearings and on river banks; always in damp localities; at elevations up to 1,800 metres.
Occurs in low altitudes up to c. 350 m in tropical and subtropical rainforest, in dense closed forest or in open areas along creeks and roadsides, often in red clay-loam soils.
In moist shady places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are eaten raw or cooked as a flavouring. They are used for wrapping other dishes. They have a peppery taste. The leaves and young flowers are cooked with fish. The fruit are eaten. The bark is used as a condiment.
Uses food gene source medicinal social use
Edible barks flowers fruits leaves saps stems
Therapeutic use Acaricide (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Abscess (unspecified), Urethritis (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Ache(Rib) (unspecified), Ague (unspecified), Anasarca (unspecified), Antiemetic (unspecified), Ascites (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Detergent (unspecified), Female (unspecified), Gastromegaly (unspecified), Lactagogue (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Tapeworm (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Whitlow (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Placenta (unspecified), Poison(Arrow) (unspecified), Repellant (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed and cuttings. Stem cuttings with roots at the nodes can be used.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Piper umbellatum habit picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Piper umbellatum leaf picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Piper umbellatum leaf picture by Atencio Victor (cc-by-sa)
Piper umbellatum leaf picture by Ellen Ellen (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Piper umbellatum flower picture by Raul Vaquer (cc-by-sa)
Piper umbellatum flower picture by odair luiz francisco (cc-by-sa)
Piper umbellatum flower picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Piper umbellatum fruit picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)
Piper umbellatum fruit picture by de bem gloria (cc-by-sa)
Piper umbellatum fruit picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Piper umbellatum world distribution map, present in Australia, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, Cambodia, Madagascar, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316339-2
WFO ID wfo-0000487600
COL ID 4J6BD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 635833
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Peperidia sidifolia Peperidia umbellata Peperidia subpeltata Pothomorphe umbellata Peperidia afzeliana Heckeria subpeltata Heckeria umbellata Pothomorphe dombeyana Piper sidaefolium Pothomorphe alleni Pothomorphe sidaefolia Peperomia subpeltata Pothomorphe subpeltata Heckeria sidaefolia Peperomia sidaefolia Piper dombeyanum Piper subpeltatum Piper cuernavacanum Lepianthes umbellata Peperomia umbellata Lepianthes umbellata Peperomia grandifolia Piper afzelianum Pothomorphe sidifolia Heckeria sidifolia var. subglabrata Piper umbellatum var. subpeltatum Pothomorphe umbellata var. glabra Piper umbellatum var. glabrum Pothomorphe umbellata var. cuernavacana Pothomorphe umbellata var. vestita Piper umbellatum var. vestitum Piper subpeltatum var. sidaefolium Piper umbellatum var. tomentellum Heckeria sidifolia Piper umbellatum