Pistacia chinensis Bunge

Chinese pistache (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae > Pistacia

Characteristics

Deciduous trees, about 20 m tall; bark dark brown. Petioles minutely pubescent, flattened above; leaf blade imparipinnately compound with 1-13 opposite leaflets; leaf rachis striate, minutely pubescent; petiolule 1-2 mm; leaflet blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, or rarely linear-lanceolate, 5-10 × 1.5-2.5 cm, papery, base oblique, margin entire, apex acuminate or long acuminate, on both sides minutely pubescent along midrib and lateral veins and with prominent venation. Flowers produced before leafing; male inflorescence 6-7 cm, with clustered branches, female inflorescence lax, 15-20 cm, rachis minutely pubescent; floral subtending bracts lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm, minutely pubescent. Pedicels ca. 1 mm, minutely pubescent. Male flowers with 2 lanceolate bracteoles and 2 linear-lanceolate tepals, ca. 1.5 mm; stamens 3-5, filaments less than 0.5 mm, anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm; pistillode absent. Female flowers with 2-4 linear-lanceolate bracteoles and 5 ovate or oblong tepals, 0.7-1.5 × 0.5-0.7 mm; ovary globose, ca. 0.5 mm in diam., glabrous, stigmas thick, red. Drupe obovate-globose, slightly compressed, ca. 5 mm in diam., longitudinally striate in dried condition. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Aug-Nov.
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Tree up to 26 m tall and 1 m Ø, sometimes with buttresses. Bark light brownish, scaly. Leaves with (3-)5-6(-10) pairs of leaflets (terminal leaflet sometimes absent), up to 20 cm long; rachis and petiole puberulous, glabrescent; petiole up to 7 cm. Leaflets subsessile or sessile, chartaceous, lanceolate, 4-8 by 1-2½ cm, puberulous beneath, glabrescent; base cuneate; apex acuminate; nerves 10-14 pairs, distinct; veins reticulate. Inflorescences racemose in ♂, paniculate in ♀, up to 8 cm long, puberulous, glabrescent; bracts lanceolate, c. 1 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm. Tepals 2-5, elliptic, 1-1½ mm long. Stamens 3-5, ¾ mm; filaments very short; anthers ellipsoid or oblong, c. 1 mm, slightly apiculate. Disk 0. Ovary globose, ⅔ mm Ø; style ½ mm long; stigmas c. ½ mm long; sterile pistil in ♂ minute. Drupe globose, ⅓-½ cm Ø, slightly compressed, red changing to greenish blue when ripe.
A large tree which loses its leaves. It grows 8-25 m high and spreads 4.5 m wide. The trunk can be 1 m across. It can have small buttresses. The leaves have leaflets along the stalk. There are 10-12 leathery leaflets which are dark green. They turn yellow or orange in the autumn. The flowers are small and near the ends of shoots. They are reddish. The fruit are reddish or bluish berries.
Pending. See Rodd (1996: 343), Harden (2002: 334).
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.25
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A Mediterranean climate plant. It grows in mountain forests and on rocky soils between 100-3,600 m above sea level. It is drought resistant and tolerant of cold. It can grow in poor acid or alkaline soils. It suits hardiness zones 7-10. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Riversides and in cultivated areas up to 2,400 metres in the Himalayas. Forest on stone hills; at elevations from 140-3,550 metres in southern and western China. Open slopes from near sea level to 1,350 metres in the Philippines.
Riversides and in cultivated areas up to 2,400 metres in the Himalayas. Forest on stone hills; at elevations from 140-3,550 metres in southern and western China. Open slopes from near sea level to 1,350 metres in the Philippines.
Open slopes, from the lowland up to 1350 m. Fl. March, July; fr. May, July, Sept.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The young shoots and leaves are cooked as a vegetable. They are also used for tea. The nuts are roasted and eaten. They are also used in confectionary.
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Uses. The wood is used locally in the Philippines for making tobacco pipes ( MERRILL & MERRITT Philip. J. Sc. 5 1910 Bot. 357 ).
Grown as an ornamental tree for its bright red autumn foliage.
Uses construction dye environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal oil ornamental tea wood
Edible leaves nuts seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Anorexia (gall), Appetite stimulants (gall), Asthma (gall), Astringents (gall), Bronchitis (gall), Central nervous system depressants (gall), Cholagogues and choleretics (gall), Cough (gall), Diarrhea (gall), Dysentery (gall), Dyspepsia (gall), Epistaxis (gall), Expectorants (gall), Fever (gall), Hemostatics (gall), Leprosy (gall), Leukorrhea (gall), Pharyngitis (gall), Psoriasis (gall), General tonic for rejuvenation (gall), Scorpion stings (gall), Skin diseases (gall), Snake bites (gall), Tuberculosis, pulmonary (gall), Vomiting (gall), Anorexia (unspecified), Asthenia (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bronchial diseases (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Hiccup (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Lung diseases (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Periodontal diseases (unspecified), Pharyngitis (unspecified), Psoriasis (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Stomach diseases (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 3
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Pistacia chinensis leaf picture by Michael Graham (cc-by-sa)
Pistacia chinensis leaf picture by Jaziah Watterson (cc-by-sa)
Pistacia chinensis leaf picture by Christopher Aragón (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Pistacia chinensis fruit picture by Nathaly Hernández Díaz (cc-by-sa)
Pistacia chinensis fruit picture by Jaziah Watterson (cc-by-sa)
Pistacia chinensis fruit picture by Randy Huey (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pistacia chinensis world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, China, Philippines, and United States of America

Conservation status

Pistacia chinensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70242-1
WFO ID wfo-0000394532
COL ID 4J9TG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lentiscus chinensis Rhus gummifera Pistacia formosana Pistacia philippinensis Rhus argyi Pistacia chinensis

Lower taxons

Pistacia chinensis subsp. integerrima