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Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link

Dixie silverback fern (en)

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Pteridaceae > Pteridoideae > Pityrogramma

Characteristics

Stipe 40-50 cm; lamina 2-pinnate, long oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 15-40 × 10-20 cm, thickly papery when dry, abaxially densely white farinose, adaxially grayish green, glabrous, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; rachis and costae purple-black, lustrous, glabrous, grooved adaxially; pinnae 16-20 pairs, oblique, with short, winged stalks; basal pair of pinnae not shortened, lanceolate, 10-15 × 2-5 cm, base slightly inequilateral; pinnules (or segments) 16-18 pairs, deltoid, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 1.1-1.4 × ca. 0.5 cm, base inequilateral, somewhat decurrent to costae, apex acute or acuminate; proximal pinnule margins serrate or lobed; lobes serrate or entire, with only 1 or 2 teeth at apex. Sori nearly confluent throughout abaxial pinnule surface when mature. 2n = 240.
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Rhizome short, procumbent, c. 8 mm in diameter, set with concolorous light brown, entire, linear rhizome-scales up to 4 mm long. Fronds tufted, erect to arching, firmly herbaceous to thinly coriaceous; stipe atrocastaneous, nitid, up to 330 mm long; lamina oblong-lanceolate in outline, up to 370 x 140 mm, 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, lowest pinnae not reduced; pinnae lanceolate, acute-acuminate, up to 90 x 22 mm; pinna segments oblong-trapeziform, the larger slightly auriculate, serrate (apparently entire if margin involute), acute, acuminate, up to 17 x 5 mm, set at acute angle to costa; powder yellow; rhachis atrocastaneous. Sori up to 3 mm long.
Fronds ± erect, dark green, glossy. Stipe 10–50 cm long, with 2 or 4 vascular bundles. Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, ovate, narrowly ovate, triangular or narrowly triangular, 15–45 cm long, 6–27 cm wide; veins obscure. Sporangia spread uniformly over the fertile segments.
Varieties 3 (1 in the flora): primarily Neotropics, Africa.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.35 - 0.65
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

On bare earth in roadside cuttings, or cleared ground, up to 4, 400 ft. alt.
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Found at elevations from sea level to 2,500 metres in Ecuador.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses environmental use material medicinal ornamental poison social use
Edible -
Therapeutic use Appetite stimulants (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Gastric acid (leaf), Hemostatics (leaf), Dysentery (root), Amenorrhea (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Hemostatic (unspecified), Kidney diseases (whole plant), Sexually transmitted diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Pityrogramma calomelanos leaf picture by Anziz AHMED ABDOU (cc-by-sa)
Pityrogramma calomelanos leaf picture by Eric KOENIG (cc-by-sa)
Pityrogramma calomelanos leaf picture by Eric KOENIG (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Pityrogramma calomelanos world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Mayotte, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Somalia, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17345640-1
WFO ID wfo-0001107385
COL ID 6VM67
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447960
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Gymnogramma calomelanos f. epruinata Ceropteris calomelaena Ceropteris martensii Gymnogramma massonii Gymnogramma serrata Pityrogramma albicans Pityrogramma mira Pityrogramma tenerrima Pityrogramma consimilis Pityrogramma intermedia Neurogramma calomelanos Ceropteris serrata Pityrogramma hybrida Gymnogramma bidentata Acrostichum album Pityrogramma chamaesorbus Ceropteris calomelanos Ceratopteris calomelanos Acrostichum calomelanos Gymnogramma calomelanos Pityrogramma insularis Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos Gymnogramma calomelanos var. denudata Gymnogramma calomelanos f. flavofarinosa Ceropteris massonii Gymnogramma calomelanos var. martensii Pityrogramma calomelanos var. integrifoliolata Pityrogramma calomelanos var. distans Pityrogramma calomelanos
WorldFloraDB 2024