Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich.

Lesser butterfly-orchid (en), Platanthère à deux feuilles (fr), Platanthère à fleurs blanches (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Platanthera

Characteristics

Plants 28-42 cm tall. Rootstock tuberous, ovoid-fusiform, tapering at base, 2.5-3 × 0.8-1.4 cm. Stem erect, with 1 or 2 tubular sheaths at base, 2-leaved. Leaves basal, subopposite, spatulate-elliptic, oblong, or elliptic, 9-12 × 1.8-3.5 cm, gradually contracted at base, apex obtuse. Peduncle slender to robust, with 2-4 scattered, lanceolate bracts; rachis 9-19 cm, laxly to subdensely 7-17-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 15-20 mm, basal ones exceeding ovary. Flowers fragrant, white, greenish white, or green; pedicel and ovary arcuate, cylindric, 14-15 mm. Dorsal sepal erect and forming a hood with petals, ovate to broadly ovate, cymbiform, 5.5-6 × 4-4.5 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse; lateral sepals spreading, ovate-lanceolate, oblique, 6-7 × 3.5-4 mm, glabrous, apex subacute. Petals linear-lanceolate, oblique, 5.5-6 × ca. 1 mm, apex acute; lip spreading, ligulate, 9-10 × 1-1.5 mm, thickened, entire, apex obtuse; spur pendulous, cylindric, slender, 20-25 × 1.5-1.8 mm, apex subacute. Column stout; staminodes conspicuous; anther locules slightly divergent; pollinia ellipsoid, with long caudicles and suborbicular viscidia; rostellum belt-shaped; stigma lobes confluent, concave, lying directly below rostellum. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 42.
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An orchid. It grows 28-42 cm tall. The rootstock forms tubers. They are oval and taper at the base. They are 3 cm long by 1 cm wide. The stem is erect with 1 or 2 tubes shaped sheaths at the base. The leaves are at the base and spoon shaped or narrowly oval. They are 9-12 cm long by 2-4 cm wide. They contract at the base. The flowers are white or greenish white and have a scent.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.28 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate climate plant. It grows in forests on slopes and damp meadows between 200-2,800 m above sea level. In Sichuan.
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Grassy hills and open woods on base-rich and especially on calcareous soils.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The starch of the bulb is used in dishes, porridge and bread.
Uses medicinal
Edible bulbs roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Platanthera bifolia habit picture by bas yves (cc-by-sa)
Platanthera bifolia habit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Platanthera bifolia habit picture by Balázs Heizler (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Platanthera bifolia leaf picture by Frederic Vieilledent (cc-by-sa)
Platanthera bifolia leaf picture by Talvilahti Heidi (cc-by-sa)
Platanthera bifolia leaf picture by Jona Lumo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Platanthera bifolia flower picture by Théo Hurtrel (cc-by-sa)
Platanthera bifolia flower picture by bruno bensa (cc-by-sa)
Platanthera bifolia flower picture by Herve Meynier (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Platanthera bifolia fruit picture by Vitalii🌺Suprun (cc-by-sa)
Platanthera bifolia fruit picture by Tomaž Jančar (cc-by-sa)
Platanthera bifolia fruit picture by Udo Herkommer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Platanthera bifolia world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kazakhstan, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tunisia, and Ukraine

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:651671-1
WFO ID wfo-0000274336
COL ID 4JMVK
BDTFX ID 50128
INPN ID 114011
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Platanthera bifolia f. angustifolia Orchis alba Orchis bifolia Orchis stenanthera Platanthera bifolia f. nudicaulis Platanthera bifolia f. humilior Platanthera bifolia f. apetiolata Platanthera bifolia f. multifoliolata Platanthera bifolia f. densispicata Platanthera bifolia f. brevicalcarata Platanthera bifolia f. bracteata Platanthera bifolia f. brachyglossa Platanthera bifolia f. subalpina Platanthera bifolia f. densiflora Platanthera bifolia f. major Conopsidium sthenantherum Platanthera bifolia f. grandiflora Platanthera bifolia f. pervia Platanthera chlorantha f. lancifolia Gymnadenia bifolia Habenaria bifolia Lysias bifolia Platanthera solstitialis Satyrium bifolium Orchis bifolia var. major Platanthera bifolia subsp. graciliflora Platanthera bifolia var. subalpina Platanthera solstitialis var. trifoliata Platanthera chlorantha var. wankelii Platanthera solstitialis var. brachyglossa Platanthera bifolia var. latiflora Orchis bifolia var. virens Orchis bifolia var. trifoliata Orchis bifolia var. latissima Platanthera solstitialis var. densiflora Platanthera solstitialis var. patula Platanthera solstitialis var. pervia Platanthera bifolia var. tenuiflora Gymnadenia bifolia var. tenuiflora Platanthera bifolia var. carducciana Orchis bifolia var. trifolia Platanthera bifolia var. quadrifolia Platanthera bifolia var. spathulata Platanthera bifolia var. brachyphylla Platanthera bifolia var. latiflora Platanthera solstitialis var. pervia Platanthera bifolia f. rotundata Platanthera bifolia f. latiflora Platanthera bifolia f. trifoliata Sieberia bifolia Platanthera montana var. lancifolia Platanthera bifolia var. pervia Orchis bifolia var. brachyglossa Platanthera bifolia var. microglossa Platanthera solstitialis var. subalpina Platanthera bifolia var. simonkaiana Platanthera bifolia var. conferta Platanthera bifolia var. obtusifolia Platanthera bifolia var. laxa Platanthera bifolia

Lower taxons

Platanthera bifolia subsp. bifolia Platanthera bifolia subsp. extremiorientalis Platanthera bifolia subsp. osca