Platanus occidentalis L.

American sycamore (en), Platane d'Amérique (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Proteales > Platanaceae > Platanus

Characteristics

Trees deciduous, to 40 m tall. Young branchlets yellow-brown tomentose. Stipules 2–3 cm, bugle-shaped, deciduous; petiole 4–7 cm, densely tomentose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8–20 × 10–22 cm, 3(or 5)-lobed, gray-yellow tomentose on both surfaces at first, soon glabrate and then pubescent only along veins abaxially, principal veins 3, lateral 2 arising from midvein ca. 1 cm above base, base broadly cordate, truncate, or subcuneate; lobes shortly triangular, margin coarsely numerous dentate. Flowers 4–6-merous. Male flowers: sepals and petals short, small; filaments very short; anthers peltate, elongate; connective glabrous. Female flowers: long tomentose at base; sepals short, small; petals 4–5 × as long as sepals; carpels 4–6; styles elongate, longer than petals. Fruiting branchlets with 1(or 2) infructescences. Infructescence globose, ca. 3 cm in diam. Achenes obtuse at apex, with persistent style very short; basal hairs ca. 1/2 as long as achene, not exserted from infructescence. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Oct.
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Trees , to 50+ m, becoming massive; trunks straight and unbranched to great heights or low-branching or multitrunked, to 4+ m diam. Leaves: stipules entire to coarsely serrate. Leaf blade light green, usually shallowly 3-5(-7)-lobed, occasionally unlobed, 6-20+ × 6-25+ cm (to 30 × 40 cm on sucker shoots), not especially thick; lobes of blade mostly wider than long, basal lobes usually smaller, often strongly reflexed, sinuses broad and gently concave, depth of distal sinuses mostly less than 1/2 distance from sinus to base of blade, terminal leaf lobe 1/2-2/3 length of blade; margins entire to coarsely serrate, teeth sometimes short-awned, apex usually acuminate; surfaces glabrate, abaxially often persistently tomentose along veins. Pistillate inflorescences: heads 1(-2); fruiting heads 25-30 mm diam.; peduncle to 15 cm. Achenes 7-10 mm, basal hairs nearly as long. 2 n = 42.
Tree to 50 m, the trunk to 3 m thick, with pale greenish-gray to nearly white, exfoliating bark; lvs mostly reniform in outline, broadly 3–5 lobed, sharply serrate; stipules foliaceous, toothed or lobed; heads solitary, long-peduncled, 2.5–3 cm thick in fr; achenes 7–8 mm, nearly equaled by the subtending hairs; 2n=42. Moist or wet, alluvial soil; sw. Me. to s. Mich. and se. Minn., s. to Fla. and Tex.P. ×hybrida Brot., the London plane, a fertile putative hybrid of P. occidentalis and P. orientalis L., is widely planted as a street-tree and occasionally escapes. It typically has 2 heads per infl, and the lvs are often more truncate or broadly cuneate at the base; 2n=42. (P. ×acerifolia)
A deciduous tree. It grows 50 m tall and spreads 6 m wide. The stem is erect and branching. The bark is grey and flaking. The leaves are light green and have lobes arranged like fingers on a hand. The flowers are in round heads.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 5.0 - 7.0
Mature height (meter) 30.0 - 30.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.75
Root diameter (meter) 0.6
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Rich soils on the borders of streams and lakes. Often abundant on alluvial soils near streams and lakes and in moist ravines, sometimes on uplands, sometimes on limestone soils.
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It is a temperate plant. It does best in cool deep alkaline soils. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to frost but sensitive to drought. Arboretum Tasmania.
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The sweet sap is used in the preparation of sugar and syrup.
Uses environmental use fiber material medicinal wood
Edible saps
Therapeutic use Antidiarrheal (bark), Cough Medicine (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Misc. Disease Remedy (bark), Other (bark), Urinary Aid (bark), Tuberculosis Remedy (bark), Throat Aid (bark), Cold Remedy (bark), Antirheumatic (External) (bark), Analgesic (bark), Blood Medicine (bark), Dietary Aid (bark), Hemostat (bark), Pulmonary Aid (bark), Cathartic (root), Emetic (root), Gynecological Aid (root), Antirheumatic (External) (root), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Abortifacient (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Urinary Aid (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Gunshot (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 3
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Platanus occidentalis habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Platanus occidentalis habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Platanus occidentalis leaf picture by Beth Postema (cc-by-sa)
Platanus occidentalis leaf picture by Kevin Kevin (cc-by-sa)
Platanus occidentalis leaf picture by Chris Ehrich (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Platanus occidentalis flower picture by William Coville (cc-by-sa)
Platanus occidentalis flower picture by Kayla Parr (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Platanus occidentalis fruit picture by Will Clark (cc-by-sa)
Platanus occidentalis fruit picture by Vieira Neto Eduardo (cc-by-sa)
Platanus occidentalis fruit picture by Richard Perales (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Platanus occidentalis world distribution map, present in Brazil, Canada, China, Ecuador, Georgia, Mexico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Tajikistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Platanus occidentalis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:685871-1
WFO ID wfo-0000487082
COL ID 4JN3N
BDTFX ID 82353
INPN ID 717428
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Platanus integrifolia Platanus excelsa Platanus densicoma Platanus pyramidalis Platanus lobata Platanus orientalis var. occidentalis Platanus vulgaris var. angulosa Platanus occidentalis f. occidentalis Platanus occidentalis f. attenuata Platanus occidentalis var. occidentalis Platanus occidentalis