Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.

Mexican mint (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Plectranthus l'hér.

Characteristics

A more or less succulent herb, non-tuberous, 0.3-1 m. Stem and branches subterete, densely pubescent when young, glabrescent when old. Leaves thick, fleshy, broadly ovate, suborbicular or reniform, 5-7 by 4-6 cm, obtuse or rounded, base rounded or truncate, often long-attenuate, sparsely pubescent above and hirsute on the nerves beneath; margin coarsely crenate to dentate-crenate except in the basal part; petiole 2-4.5 cm, pubescent. Flowers in dense, 10-20(or more)-flowered cymes forming subglobose verticillasters disposed in terminal spike-like inflorescences, rachis 10-20 cm, fleshy and pubescent. Bracts broadly ovate, 3-4 cm long, acute. Calyx cam-panulate, 2-4 mm long, hirsute and glandular, subequally 5-toothed, upper tooth broadly ovate-oblong, obtuse, abruptly acute, lateral and lower teeth acute. Corolla blue, curved and declinate, 8-12 mm long, tube 3-4 mm long, ± trumpet-like widened; limb 2-lipped, upper lip short, erect, puberulent, lower lip long, concave. Filaments fused below into a tube around the style. Nutlets smooth, pale-brown, roundish flattened, c. 0.7 by 0.5 mm.
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Perennial, succulent, many-stemmed herb; stems decumbent, up to 1.5 m long, pubescent, with ascending inflorescences. Leaves petiolate; blade fleshy, drying thick-textured, broadly ovate to ovate-deltoid, 25-45 x 25-40 mm, densely pubescent, both surfaces with pale to brownish gland-dots, apex obtuse to rounded, base truncate to abruptly attenuate, margin finely crenate; petiole 4-10 mm long. Inflorescence slender, spike-like, 100-300 mm long; flowers in densely glomerate verticils spaced 10-30 mm apart; bracts persistent to flowering stage. Calyx 5-6 mm long in fruit, glandular-villous; uppermost tooth much larger than the rest, oblong to broadly oblong, abruptly apiculate. Corolla lilac, mauve or whitish, 7-9 mm long; tube slightly bent about the middle and expanding to the throat; upper lip 1.5-2 mm long, lower lip boat-shaped, 4 mm long. Stamens united at the base for 1-2 mm, 4-5 mm long.
A small hairy rather succulent herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It is erect. It grows up to about 50 cm high. The base of the stem becomes woody when old. The fleshy leaves are in opposite pairs. They are egg shaped with teeth around the edge. The leaves are yellowish green and hairy. The flowers are around a central stalk and are small and pale purple. The leaves have a sweet smell. Possibly now Coleus amboinicus.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Along roadsides, old garden lands, riverbanks, cliffs along roads in settled areas, up to c. 1500 m. Fl. Jan.-Dec. In Java flowering rarely, not known to flower in the Philippines. Propagated by cuttings which readily take root.
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It needs warm subtropical climates. It suits hardiness zone 10. In Fiji it grows from sea level to 250 m altitude. It often grows in rocky and sandy areas.
Roadsides, waste places and on river banks; at elevations up to 1,500 metres.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-8
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 11-12

Usage

Uses. Cultivated for its fragrant, aromatic leaves and assumed medicinal properties. In Malaya used as a flavouring for drinks; also used for coughs of children and pains near stomach or heart. According to BURKILL ( BURKILL Dict. 1935 635 ) leaves are mixed with rice flour for offerings when a house is built. HEYNE wrote ( HEYNE Nutt. Pl. 1927 1334 ) that leaves are rubbed on hair and clothes during bathing. OCHSE & BAKHUIZEN (l.c. 350) reported that in Java fresh leaves are added to certain dishes of fish or goat's meat to remove the strong smell. In the Philippines macerated leaves are used with burns and also for bites of centipedes and scorpions; furthermore for dyspepsia, asthma, and as a medicine after childbirth.
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The leaves have a sweet smell and used to flavour food. They are used like sage in seasonings and stuffing. They are used to flavour soup. The leaves are used for flavouring meat. (It is a substitute for sage.) Only one leaf is used. They are steeped in water to make tea.
Uses animal food environmental use essential oil food gene source invertebrate food material medicinal seasoning social use tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Anticonvulsants (leaf), Antimutagenic agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Bites and stings (leaf), Bronchitis (leaf), Burns (leaf), Cathartics (leaf), Colic (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Conjunctivitis (leaf), Cough (leaf), Digestive system diseases (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Epilepsy (leaf), Fever (leaf), Flatulence (leaf), Gonorrhea (leaf), Headache (leaf), Heart diseases (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Kidney calculi (leaf), Lithiasis (leaf), Mouth diseases (leaf), Pain (leaf), Parasympatholytics (leaf), Pharyngitis (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Scorpion stings (leaf), Urologic diseases (leaf), Vaginal discharge (leaf), Cheilitis (leaf), Stomach diseases (root), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Heart (unspecified), Heart attack (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Angina? (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Thrush (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Burns (unspecified), Intoxicant (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Abdominal pain (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anticonvulsants (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Calculi (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Constipation (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Digestive system diseases (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Earache (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Gastrointestinal diseases (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Halitosis (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Hiccup (unspecified), Kidney diseases (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified), Stomach diseases (unspecified), Urinary bladder calculi (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Urologic diseases (unspecified), Vaginal discharge (unspecified), Abdominal pain (whole plant), Antifungal agents (whole plant), Asthma (whole plant), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant), Common cold (whole plant), Cough (whole plant), Stomach diseases (whole plant), Urologic diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Plectranthus amboinicus habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Plectranthus amboinicus leaf picture by araujo joao (cc-by-sa)
Plectranthus amboinicus leaf picture by jean-christophe Raison (cc-by-sa)
Plectranthus amboinicus leaf picture by rodriguez reynoso (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Plectranthus amboinicus flower picture by richard gautier (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Plectranthus amboinicus world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Comoros, Cuba, Dominica, Fiji, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Philippines, Puerto Rico, eSwatini, Seychelles, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Yemen, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:168806-3
WFO ID wfo-0000275221
COL ID 4K42K
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448262
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ocimum vaalae Majana amboinica Majana carnosa Coleus amboinicus Coleus carnosus Coleus subfrutectosus Coleus suganda Coleus aromaticus Coleus suborbicularis Majana sugunda Coleus amboinicus var. violaceus Coleus crassifolius Coleus vaalae Plectranthus amboinicus