Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb.

Real yellowwood (en)

Species

Gymnosperms > Cupressales > Podocarpaceae > Podocarpus l'hér. ex

Characteristics

Tree up to 33 m high with straight clean bole up to 3 m in diameter or stunted tree or shrub no more than 2 m high. Bark dark grey to khaki-coloured, smooth in young trees, later longitudinally fissured and exfoliating in long strips. Branchlets slightly angular, marked with grooves from decurrent leaf bases. Terminal buds 2-3.5 mm in diameter; outer bud scales narrowly triangular, acuminate, upper half sometimes recurved, 4-6 mm long and about 1.5 mm wide. Leaves spirally arranged to subopposite, often crowded in upper parts of shoots, spreading, dark green to glaucous and shiny above; adult leaves straight to very slightly falcate, linear-elliptic, more or less parallel-sided in middle portion, rather abruptly contracted in upper 1/4 or 1/5, apiculate to subobtuse, (2-)3.5-6(-10) cm long and (0.5-)0.6-0.8(-1.3) cm wide; juvenile leaves up to 17 cm long and up to 17 times longer than broad; midrib raised on lower surface, on upper surface slightly raised in lower 2/3; margins slightly reflexed; stomata confined to lower surface (very rarely a few present on upper surface), arranged in 20-35 ± distinct longitudinal rows on either side of midrib. Male cones solitary, rarely in groups of 2, sessile or subsessile, (0.8-)1-2(-3) cm long, elongating to 3 cm or more after shedding pollen, (2.5-)3-4.5(-6) mm in diameter, pinkish; outer sterile scales at base narrowly to very narrowly triangular, often distinctly keeled, subentire to denticulate, 3-4 mm long and about 1.5-2 mm wide; terminal lobe of fertile scale broadly triangular to widely ovate, about 0-6 mm long and 0.6-0.7 mm wide, lacerate; pollen sacs about 1-3 mm long and 0.6-0.7 mm in diameter. Female cones solitary, on naked stalks (1.5-)5-10(-19) mm long and about 1 mm in diameter; receptacle fleshy, glaucous green, turning pink to reddish-purple when ripe, sweet-tasting and semi-transparent, 8-14 mm long and 8-14 mm wide, with 1, less commonly 2 fertile scales, 1 or sometimes 2 seeds maturing on each receptacle. Seed obovoid to subglobose, often slightly apiculate, glaucous to slate-coloured, sometimes turning dark violet, 7-11 mm long; shell 0.5-1.2 mm thick, consisting of 3 layers: the outermost thin and leathery, the middle one varies in thickness, is slightly woody, often contains cavities filled with resin, the inner thin and pergamentaceous.
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A large tree. It grows 25 m high and taller. The trunk is up to 1.2 m across. The crown is dark green. The bark is smooth when young but becomes split and peels when mature. The leaves are long and narrow. They can be 9 cm long by 1 cm wide. They are glossy green. The leaves are arranged in spirals. The leaves on young trees are always larger than on mature trees. The male trees has cones which are 2.5 cm long. The female tree develops a fleshy receptacle on which one or 2 round blue seeds develop. The receptacle swells and is pink when ripe. It is edible.
Monoecious, evergreen tree, 10-33 m high; bark brown to grey, narrowly longitudinally fissured, flaking, forming plate-like scales. Buds glabrous; terminal bud 2.0-3.5 mm long. Twigs glabrous, stout, dull, green. Stems angular or round. Leaves alternate, simple; petioles glabrous or nearly so. Blade (20-)35-60(-100) x 5-13 mm, linear or oblong, apex and base acute, margins sometimes revolute. Fruiting cone 7-11 mm long, ellipsoid; receptacle swollen, fleshy, red to purplish.
Evergreen tree, up to 30 m high. Branchlets usually > 1.5 mm in diameter. Bark longitudinally fissured and peeling in strips. Leaves with blades orientated in a horizontal plane, blades narrowly elliptic, 60-80 x 5-10 mm, apex acute, margins entire, dark green or blue-green. Cones: male cones axillary, ± 50 x 5 mm; female cones borne on succulent, bright red, pink or reddish purple receptacles; Jul.-Sep.
Tree, up to 33 m high. Branchlets usually more than 1.5 mm in diameter. Leaf blade orientated in a horizontal plane, wider than 5 mm, shorter than 80 mm. Seeds borne on succulent receptacles.
Dioecious tree to 30 m. Leaves linear-elliptic, 35-60 x 6-10 mm. Seeds grey to purple, borne on nude stalks swollen above to form a fleshy reddish arillode.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5
Mature height (meter) 25.0 - 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. In South Africa it grows from sea level up to 1800 m altitude. It grows in mountain forests. They can withstand frost. It suits hardiness zones 10-11. Arboretum Tasmania. Mt Lofty Botanical Gardens.
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A canopy tree in coastal to montane primary forests. In open coastal bushland and on dry, rocky mountain slopes it only grows to a stunted tree a few meters tall at most; at elevations up to 2,000 metres.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The fleshy receptacle near the seeds is eaten fresh from ripe fruit. The leaves are used for flavouring and as a preservative.
Uses environmental use food gene source material medicinal wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Seed should be sown when fresh. It is best to pick seed off the trees when ripe and plant them in a nursery. Seeds once they have dried out only germinate slowly.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Podocarpus latifolius leaf picture by Jerome Sudre (cc-by-sa)
Podocarpus latifolius leaf picture by Jerome Sudre (cc-by-sa)
Podocarpus latifolius leaf picture by Herwig Mees (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Podocarpus latifolius world distribution map, present in South Africa

Conservation status

Podocarpus latifolius threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:828314-1
WFO ID wfo-0000485622
COL ID 4KQ49
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Podocarpus latifolius Podocarpus latior Nageia thunbergii Nageia latifolia Taxus latifolia Podocarpus thunbergii Taxus latifolius Podocarpus nobilis Podocarpus pinnata Podocarpus latifolius var. latior Podocarpus latifolius var. confertus Podocarpus latifolius subsp. latior