Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don

Brown pine (en)

Species

Gymnosperms > Cupressales > Podocarpaceae > Podocarpus l'hér. ex

Characteristics

Tree (3-)5-30(-45) m tall, 10-100 cm diam., clear bole up to 20 m; crown often dome-shaped. Foliage buds 2-5 mm long, occasionally longer, the primary scales often spreading. Juvenile leaves 15-24 by up to 2.4 cm, acuminate and acute, narrowing abruptly at the base to a short petiole, becoming linear-lanceolate and c. 1.6 cm wide on older fast-growing saplings in open forest situations. Leaves of mature trees similar with a short petiole up to 6 mm. Shade leaves acuminate, 8-12 by 1.2-1.8 cm. More exposed leaves linear-lanceolate, 12-18 by 1.1-1.5 cm or on particularly large trees more nearly linear and 7-10 by 1-1.1 cm. Midrib abruptly raised on the upper side of the leaf at least 0.3 mm high and usually 0.6-0.8 mm wide but as little as 0.4 mm wide on less vigorous leaves or in the Borneo region on most leaves. Pollen cones solitary or in groups of two or most commonly three, sessile. Receptacle bright red when mature.
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Trees to 25 m tall; trunk usually to 5 cm d.b.h.; bark grayish brown, thin, fibrous, peeling off in longitudinal flakes; branches spreading or ascending. Foliage bud scales erect, triangular, 1-1.5 mm wide, apex acute. Leaf blade lanceolate, usually slightly curved, (4-)7-15(-20) × (0.5-)0.9-1.3(-2) cm, leathery, midvein raised adaxially, flat or slightly raised abaxially, base cuneate into short petiole, apex long acuminate; juvenile leaves wider, with obtuse, mucronate apex. Pollen cones solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, normally sessile, 2.5-5 cm, with several spirally arranged, basal bracts. Seed-bearing structures axillary, solitary; peduncle 0.9-2.2 cm. Receptacle orange-red when ripe, obconical-ellipsoid, 8-10 × 5-8 mm, base with 2 subulate bracts 2-6 mm. Epimatium purplish red when ripe. Seed ovoid or ovoid-subglobose, 0.8-1.6 cm, apex rounded or obtuse. Pollination May, seed maturity Aug-Nov. 2n = 34.
An evergreen tree. It grows to 45 m tall. The trunk is 100 cm across. The crown is dome shaped. There can be buttresses 2 m high. The bark is grey-brown and scaly. It is cracked with scaly ridges. The young leaves are 15-24 cm long by 2.4 cm wide. They have a sharp tip. The base narrows to a short leaf stalk. The mature leaves are 7-12 cm long by 1-1.8 cm wide. They taper to the tip. The male cones occur singly or in groups or 2 or 3. They do not have stalks. The female cones have a bright red receptacle. The seed is oval and 7.5-10 mm long. The fruit are edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Scattered and locally common in primary rain-forests from near sea-level to c. 2100 m. In most areas it appears as an understory tree with occasional much larger, emergent specimens in the canopy but in other areas, such as Java, Fiji, etc. it is normally a canopy tree.Habitats vary: rarely riverine, often on rocky hilltops, in mossy forest, twice recorded from limestone, and twice from swampy forest. Also as to soils there is diversity: in Sarawak it is found on kerangas in heath forest and on sandstone ridges, but also on an-desitic laterites, which is the common latosol in Java, and sandy clay. In the Morobe District (New Guinea) it is recorded from ultrabasic.As to associates it is recorded from pelawan (Tris-tania) forest on sandstone ridges in S. Borneo; in the Javanese mountain forest its codominants are Dacry-carpus imbricatus and Altingia noronhae; in New Britain it occurs in the hills with Pometia and Calophyllwn, in the montane forest in New Ireland with Fagaceae, Eugenia and Schizomeria; in the Morobe District (New Guinea) it is associated with Anisoptera and Flindersia in the canopy.
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A tropical plant. It is native from SE Asia to the Pacific. It suits tropical and subtropical regions. They grow in primary rainforest from near sea level to 2,100 m altitude. They are often on rocky hill tops.
A subcanopy to occasional canopy tree in evergreen broadleaved forests. Hill and montane forests. Hot, humid forests, coastal and lowland swamp forests, on volcanic soils.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. A valuable timber tree, used for construction.
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The fleshy receptacle of the fruits is eaten.
Uses animal food environmental use fuel material medicinal social use timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Arthralgia (leaf)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings of firm young growth. Cuttings are best rooted under mist. Plants can also be grown from layers.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Podocarpus neriifolius leaf picture by Hawken Fox (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Podocarpus neriifolius world distribution map, present in China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, and Uruguay

Conservation status

Podocarpus neriifolius threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263545-1
WFO ID wfo-0000485162
COL ID 77QWN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nageia neriifolia Nageia endlicheriana Podocarpus neriifolius Margbensonia neriifolia Podocarpus endlicherianus Podocarpus polyanthus Podocarpus neriifolius var. staintonii Podocarpus macrophyllus var. acuminatissimus Podocarpus neriifolius var. linearis Podocarpus neriifolius var. membranaceus Podocarpus neriifolius var. polyanthus Podocarpus neriifolius subsp. staintonii Podocarpus annamiensis var. hainanensis