Podophyllum peltatum L.

Mayapple (en), Podophylle pelté (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Berberidaceae > Podophyllum

Characteristics

Rhizomes: annual elongation increments (2-)6-20 cm. Leaves of nonflowering shoots 2-5 dm; blade 18-38 × 18-38 cm. Flowering shoots 3-6 dm; leaves nearly opposite, slightly unequal in size; petioles 5-15 cm; proximal blades 10-35 × 14-40 cm, distal blades 6-25 × 10-33 cm. Leaf blades 5-7(-9)-parted, parts lobed or not (frequently 2-lobed), margins entire or coarsely dentate, teeth apiculate; surfaces abaxially sparsely pubescent to glabrous. Flowers solitary, nodding, fragrant; peduncle arising from angle between petioles, 1.5-6 cm; sepals orbiculate, 10-18 × 10-18 mm; petals white, rarely pink, obovate, 15-35 × 10-25 mm; stamens 2 times number of petals, 8-13 mm; filaments 3-5 mm; anthers 5-8 × 1-1.5 mm; ovaries 6-12 × 4-8 mm; style 1-2 mm; stigmas 3-6 mm. Berries yellow, rarely orange or maroon, 3.5-5.5 × 2.0-4 cm. Seeds 30-50, ovoid, 6-8 × 4-6 mm. 2 n = 12.
More
An erect, 1-stemmed may-apple herb. It often forms colonies. There are creeping underground stems and thick fibrous roots. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 60 cm high and spreads 60 cm wide. It produces one or two, large lobed leaves. These are 30 cm across and have 3-9 lobes. They turns orange brown with maturity. The flowering stem has 2 or 3 leaves or can be leafless. The flowers are white. They occur singly and are nodding and cream. The fruit are lemon shaped. They are yellow. They are edible.
Radical lvs scattered, with a stout, erect, stem-like petiole and peltate, deeply lobed blade to 3 or 4 dm wide; stem erect, 3–5 dm, with a pair of petiolate, half-round to cordate or unequally peltate, similarly lobed but mostly smaller lvs; peduncle nodding, short, fl white (pink), 3–5 cm, wide; fr yellow, 4–5 cm, the pulp edible when ripe; 2n=12. Seeds and herbage poisonous. Moist, preferably open woods; Que. to Minn., s. to Fla. and Tex. May.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.8 - 1.05
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.45
Root system creeping-root fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 1.0
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It needs moist, peaty soils and a shady location. It suits hardiness zones 4-6.
More
Moist soils in rich woods, thickets and pastures.
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

CAUTION: The roots, leaves and seeds are poisonous. The ripe fruit are eaten. It is often made into marmalade. It can be used for jams, jellies, pies and drinks.
Uses eating environmental use gene source insecticide material medicinal poison
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Veterinary Aid (fruit), Ceremonial Medicine (leaf), Anthelmintic (root), Antirheumatic (Internal) (root), Cathartic (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Ear Medicine (root), Laxative (root), Poison (root), Tonic (root), Emetic (root), Ceremonial Medicine (seed), Veterinary Aid (seed), Love Medicine (unspecified), Strengthener (unspecified), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Bile (unspecified), Bowel (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Hydragogue (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified)
Human toxicity strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds. They can also be grown by division of the rhizome.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -25
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Podophyllum peltatum habit picture by Vicki Brown (cc-by-sa)
Podophyllum peltatum habit picture by Lily Jones (cc-by-sa)
Podophyllum peltatum habit picture by Kevin Fernandes (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Podophyllum peltatum leaf picture by Ken Rochelle (cc-by-sa)
Podophyllum peltatum leaf picture by Tatyana Seroka (cc-by-sa)
Podophyllum peltatum leaf picture by D Adam (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Podophyllum peltatum flower picture by Elizabeth Blackburn (cc-by-sa)
Podophyllum peltatum flower picture by Marlee Lindon (cc-by-sa)
Podophyllum peltatum flower picture by Katie Eickman (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Podophyllum peltatum fruit picture by Lawrence Chu (cc-by-sa)
Podophyllum peltatum fruit picture by Robert Holbrook (cc-by-sa)
Podophyllum peltatum fruit picture by Elizabeth Elizabeth Varela (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Podophyllum peltatum world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:107599-1
WFO ID wfo-0000397408
COL ID 4KR3V
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Podophyllum callicarpum Podophyllum peltatum Podophyllum montanum Anapodophyllum peltatum Podophyllum peltatum f. peltatum