Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf.

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Caryophyllaceae > Polycarpon

Characteristics

Tufted annual herb with ascending, spreading branches up to c. 15 cm long; branches pubescent and sometimes densely so in the lower internodes, the upper with a line of hairs or all the internodes glabrescent or glabrous. Leaves 0.3-3 x 0.1-0.7 cm, opposite or subverticillate, often in unequal pairs, subsessile, oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, rarely elliptic or linear, obtuse or subacute at the apex, cuneate at the base, margins entire, pubescent with white hairs or glabrous; stipules whitish, 1-2 mm long, membranous, ovate to lanceolate. Inflorescences of terminal or axillary, many-flowered cymes; peduncles up to c. 0.5 cm long, with a line of hairs like the internodes or glabrous; bracts whitish, 1-2 mm long, membranous, lanceolate or ovate, acute; central flower sessile, laterals on pedicels up to 6 mm long. Sepals 5, 3-4 x 1.5 mm, lanceolate with a broad, green, somewhat keeled median zone and whitish, hyaline margins, apex blunt and hooked. Petals 5, sometimes 2-3 or rarely absent, c. 1.5 x 0.75 mm, membranous and transparent, elliptic, acute. Stamens 3-5, alternating with the petals; filaments whitish, c. 1 mm long, flattened, tapering upwards; anthers 0.2 mm in diam., orbicular. Ovary ellipsoid, multiovulate; style 0.25 mm long with 3 spreading stigmatic arms c. 0.2 mm long. Capsule ellipsoid, slightly shorter than the persistent sepals, with 3 membranous semi-transparent valves. Seeds many, 0.4-0.5 x 0.3 mm, subcylindric and slightly arcuate with a minute lateral hilum nearer one end than the other; testa smooth, brown.
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Herb, annual, with robust tap root, grey-tomentose with septate simple or 2–4 branched hairs. Stems procumbent to suberect, 10–25 cm long. Leaves 2 or 4 per node, oblanceolate to sublinear, acute, entire, 3–12 (–22) mm long, 1–5 mm wide, sessile, or with petioles much shorter than lamina; stipules triangular-acute, 1.5–2 mm long, white-scarious, ciliate. Inflorescence much-branched; bracts deltoid, white-scarious, 1–1.5 mm long, ciliate. Flowers c. 4 mm diam.; pedicels 0–1.5 mm long. Calyx usually tomentose at the apex. Sepals 5, submucronate, lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm long, with a broad, green midrib and membranous margins. Petals 3–5, linear to lanceolate, c. half sepal length, white, entire. Stamens 3–5. Capsule ovoid to subglobose, c. 1.5 mm long. Seeds c. 0.5 mm long, pale brown, papillose-tuberculate, areolate.
Annual herb. Stems usually richly branched from the base, ascending, up to 40 cm, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves spathulate to narrowly elliptic, 5-20 by 2-3 mm, with acute apex; sessile or shortly petiolate. Inflorescence axillary or terminal leafy cymes; peduncles 5-10 mm, pubescent; bracts 2-3 mm; pedicels very short. Sepals 1-2(-2.5) mm, carinate with a broad scarious margin. Petals 3-5 (or 0), white or pink, narrowly elliptic, hyalinous, much shorter than sepals, very fragile. Stamens 5, sometimes fewer, shorter than sepals. Ovary ovoid, short; ovules numerous. Capsule enclosed by per-sistent sepals. Seeds numerous, oblong-cylindrical, reticulate, 0.5 by 0.2 mm.
Apparently an annual plant with much branched more or less ascending stems; lower internodes often pubescent, the upper with a line of hairs, or all internodes glabrescent to glabrous.. Leaves opposite or verticillate, linear-oblanceolate, 0.5–2.5 cm. long, pubescent to glabrous, with ovate or lanceolate stipules.. Inflorescences of many flowered cymes.. Flowers sessile or lateral ones with pedicels up to 3 to 6 mm. long.. Sepals 5, lanceolate, 3–4 mm. long, with a broad green median zone and transparent membranous margins.. Petals sometimes 2–3, sometimes apparently absent, 1–1.5 mm. long, thin and translucent.. Stamens (in flowers dissected) 3.. Fig. 2.
Plants annual. Stems prostrate or ascending, ± woody at base, 10--25 cm, pubescent or glabrous. Leaf blade obovate or spatulate, 5--15(--25) × 1.5--2.5(--5) mm, glabrous, base attenuate, apex acute. Cymes often axillary, sometimes rather lax, 2--4 cm; bracts stipulelike. Pedicel short or absent, pilose. Sepals lanceolate, 2.5--3(--4) mm, apex obtuse, ± hooded. Petals often fewer than 5, oblong, less than 1/2 as long as sepals, entire. Stamens 3(--5), shorter than sepals. Capsule ovoid, shorter than sepals. Seed light brown, cylindric, with raised lateral hylum, reticulate, ca. 0.5 mm. Fl. Feb--May, fr. May--Jun.
Leaves 0·3–3 × 0·1–0·7 cm., opposite or subverticillate, often in unequal pairs, subsessile, oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, rarely elliptic or linear, obtuse or subacute at the apex, cuneate at the base, margins entire, pubescent with white hairs or glabrous; stipules whitish, 1–2 mm. long, membranous, ovate to lanceolate.
Inflorescences of terminal or axillary, many-flowered cymes; peduncles up to c. 0·5 cm. long, with a line of hairs like the internodes or glabrous; bracts whitish, 1–2 mm. long, membranous, lanceolate or ovate, acute; central flower sessile, laterals on pedicels up to 6 mm. long.
Tufted annual herb with ascending, spreading branches up to c. 15 cm. long; branches pubescent and sometimes densely so in the lower internodes, the upper with a line of hairs or all the internodes glabrescent or glabrous.
A herb. It grows each year from seed. The stems are woody at the base. It grows 10-25 cm tall and can be lying over. The leaves are oval or spoon shaped and 5-15 mm long by 2-3 mm wide.
Seeds many, 0·4–0·5 × 0·3 mm., subcylindric and slightly arcuate with a minute lateral hilum nearer one end than the other; testa smooth, brown.
Stamens 3–5, alternating with the petals; filaments whitish, c. 1 mm. long, flattened, tapering upwards; anthers 0·2 mm. in diam., orbicular.
Sepals 5, 3–4 × 1·5 mm., lanceolate with a broad, green, somewhat keeled median zone and whitish, hyaline margins, apex blunt and hooked.
Capsule ellipsoid, slightly shorter than the persistent sepals, with 3 membranous semi-transparent valves.
Petals 5, sometimes 2–3 or rarely absent, c. 1·5 × 0·75 mm., membranous and transparent, elliptic, acute.
Ovary ellipsoid, multiovulate; style 0·25 mm. long with 3 spreading stigmatic arms c. 0·2 mm. long.
Annual herb on sand banks and mud of river beds.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.25
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows on open sands and farmland. In southern China it grows between 300-1,500 m above sea level. It grows in damp places and on the edge of ponds. It can be in rice fields. In Yunnan.
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Grows on the margins of seasonally inundated floodplains.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked as a vegetable.
Uses animal food medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Cough (leaf), Fever (leaf), Measles (leaf), Cough (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Measles (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Polycarpon prostratum world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and South Africa

Conservation status

Polycarpon prostratum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:156228-1
WFO ID wfo-0000395697
COL ID 4L3FY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Robbairea prostrata Spergula prostrata Arversia memphitica Polycarpa prostrata Polycarpon memphiticum Polycarpon prostratum Polycarpaea memphitica Alsine prostrata Arversia depressa Loeflingia indica Polycarpon depressum Polycarpaea prostrata Polycarpon loeflingii Polycarpon glaucifolium Polycarpon indicum Spergularia prostrata Pharnaceum depressum Arenaria prostrata