Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L.

Fourleaf manyseed (en), Polycarpe à quatre feuilles (fr), Polycarpon à quatre feuilles (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Caryophyllaceae > Polycarpon

Characteristics

Annual, rarely biennial or perennial, taprooted herb. Stems glabrous, geniculate, erect to ascending, much-branched, 5-20 cm long. Lvs green or reddish, rarely purplish, glabrous, in whorls of 4 or rarely in opposite pairs, obovate to suborbicular, obtuse or shortly apiculate, petiolate, sometimes falling at fruiting, (2)-5-10-(15) × (1)-3-8-(10) mm. Stipules scarious, triangular to ovate, acuminate, 2-3 × 1-1.5 mm. Infl. many-flowered, lax or rarely compact. Pedicels c. = calyx, = or > the ovate acuminate scarious bracts. Sepals apiculate, hooded, green or reddish, rarely purplish, with scarious margins, 2-2.5 × 1 mm. Petals white, narrow-elliptic, entire, 1 mm long. Stamens 3-5, 0.5-0.7 mm long. Ovary 0.5 mm long; style 0.3-0.4 mm long, 3-lobed, deciduous. Capsule ovoid, c. 2 mm long. Seeds curved, brown, finely papillate.
More
Herb, annual (or rarely biennial), with slender tap root, glabrous. Stems prostrate to ascending or erect, 5–15 (–25) cm long. Leaves sessile to petiolate, obovate to oblong-spathulate, obtuse; margin entire, 4–18 mm long, 3–10 mm wide; petiole to nearly as long as lamina; stipules glabrous, deltoid, 1–2 mm long. Inflorescence much-branched; bracts glabrous, deltoid, 1–2 mm long. Flowers 3–4 mm diam.; pedicels 0.5–4 mm long. Calyx glabrous. Sepals 5, mucronate, 2–3 mm long, with a broad, green midrib and membranous margins. Petals 5, less than half sepal length, white, entire or emarginate, c. 1 mm long. Stamens 3–5. Capsule ovoid, c. 2 mm long. Seeds 0.4–0.6 mm long, pale brown, papillose-tuberculate.
Prostrate, annual or perennial herb, up to 0.2 m high. Leaves in whorls of 4, obovate. Inflorescences crowded in many-flowered cymes. Flowers white, with 5 small, entire, hyaline petals, shorter than sepals. Flowering time Sept.-Dec. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent almost to base into 3 spirally twisting valves. Seeds many, ovoid or lenticular.
Annual herb, up to 0.2 m high; glabrous. Stems procumbent or decumbent. Leaves with blade ovate, mostly in whorls of 4, green. Flowers: in clusters; inflorescence lax, spreading, much branched; corolla with petals shorter than sepals, white; Sep.-Dec. Fruit a 3-valved capsule.
Prostrate, glabrous or shortly hairy annual or rarely perennial, up to 200 mm tall, with much-branched stems and without a woody rootstock. Leaves in whorls of 4, ± obovate. Flowers congested in small, branched cymes, petals white, shallowly notched.
Prostrate herb or suberect annual, up to 200 mm tall. Leaves green, mostly in whorls of 4. Inflorescence lax, spreading, much\branched. Flowers green and white.
Prostrate annual or perennial to 20 cm. Leaves in whorls of 4, obovate. Flowers congested in branched cymes, white, petals emarginate.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.15
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.05
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A common weed of lawns, cultivated, disturbed and waste ground.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Polycarpon tetraphyllum habit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Polycarpon tetraphyllum habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Polycarpon tetraphyllum habit picture by margarida vila (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Polycarpon tetraphyllum leaf picture by ilgrandediopan (cc-by-sa)
Polycarpon tetraphyllum leaf picture by Noal Laia (cc-by-sa)
Polycarpon tetraphyllum leaf picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Polycarpon tetraphyllum flower picture by Michele Maria Montesi (cc-by-sa)
Polycarpon tetraphyllum flower picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Polycarpon tetraphyllum flower picture by FCC2017 (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Polycarpon tetraphyllum world distribution map, present in Angola, Anguilla, Albania, United Arab Emirates, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Central African Republic, Canada, Chile, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Germany, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Gibraltar, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Greece, Guatemala, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Cambodia, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Madagascar, Mexico, North Macedonia, Mali, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mozambique, Mauritania, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Sierra Leone, Serbia, South Sudan, Slovakia, Slovenia, Chad, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:156239-1
WFO ID wfo-0000395614
COL ID 4L3GD
BDTFX ID 51112
INPN ID 114517
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Alsine polycarpa Mollugo tetraphylla Polycarpaea tetraphylla Polycarpon floribundum Holosteum tetraphyllum Polycarpon tetraphyllum var. verticillatum Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. tetraphyllum Polycarpon tetraphyllum

Lower taxons

Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. diphyllum Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. alsinifolium