Polygonum arenastrum Boreau

Oval-leaf knotweed (en), Renouée déprimée (fr), Renouée littorale (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Polygonaceae > Polygonum

Characteristics

Glabrous annual, prostrate or decumbent, often forming dense leafy mats; stems to c. 70 cm long; taproot fairly stout. Lvs of young and main stems similar or slightly > those of branches, subsessile or very shortly petiolate. Lamina 7-15 × 2-6 mm, narrow-elliptic to elliptic or elliptic-oblong, sometimes broader in very small-leaved plants, green, entire; lateral veins evident beneath; base cuneate to rounded; apex obtuse to subacute; apical branch lvs sometimes < 5 mm long. Ochreae initially 2-4 mm long, silvery-hyaline, ± acute, often tinged pink, becoming brown and lacerate. Fls 1-3-(6) in fascicles, extending almost to base of plant; pedicels short, enclosed by ochreae. Perianth 2-3 mm long, usually united at anthesis for ?-1/2 length; segments imbricate, ± oblong, glabrous, accrescent; margins and apex generally white, sometimes rose. Nut 1.7-2.5 mm long, generally ovoid but ranging from ± biconvex to ± trigonous, dark reddish brown, granular but ± shining, enclosed in perianth.
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Herbs annual. Stems procumbent or ascending, 15-30 cm tall, branched from base. Petiole short, articulate at base; leaf blade elliptic or oblanceolate, 0.5-2 cm × 2-5 mm, both surfaces with conspicuous veins, base narrowly cuneate, margin entire, apex usually obtuse; ocrea white, 2-3 mm, membranous, 5-7-veined, lacerate. Flowers 3-5, in axillary fascicles; bracts narrowly ovate, apex acute. Pedicel articulate at apex. Perianth green, 5-cleft to 1/2, veined, margin white; tepals oblong. Stamens 8; filaments dilated at base. Styles 3, very short; stigmas capitate. Achenes included in persistent perianth, dark brown, opaque, narrowly ovoid, trigonous, rarely biconvex, 2-2.5 mm, densely minutely granular striate. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 40, 60.
Freely branching, homophyllous annual, prostrate and commonly mat-forming; lvs bluish-green, broadly elliptic to oval-oblong, obtuse or rounded, 5–20 × 3–9 mm, often deciduous in late season; ocreae 3–6 mm, bifid, eventually lacerate; mature perianth 1.8–2.6 mm, divided to about the middle, the segments with white to pink margins and flat, obtuse or rounded tip; achenes 1.5–2.3 mm, shortly included to shortly exserted, dark brown, striate-papillate, late season ones to 4 mm, olivaceous, smooth; 2n=40. Abundant weed of dooryards, sidewalks, and streets, native of Europe, now widespread in temperate N. Amer. (P. aviculare, misapplied)
Nut dull but sometimes shiny on the edges, 2–2.5 mm long, trigonous, rarely lenticular, with 2 broad and convex sides and one narrower concave side, striate-punctate.
Perianth 1.5–2 × 2.5–3 mm, 5-lobed; lobes greenish with white or pinkish margins, at least twice as long as the perianth tube, flat and slightly imbricate.
Leaves all similar, subsessile, 5–15 × 2–6 mm, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute at the apex, attenuate to the base.
Flowers shortly pedicellate, in axillary fascicles of 2–4 flowers, surrounded by leafy bracts.
A glabrous, prostrate or ± decumbent, rarely erect, annual herb, forming dense mats.
Ocrea silvery at least in the upper part, 3–5 mm long, ferrugineous below, lacerate.
Stems up to 70 cm long, much branched, leafy, becoming somewhat woody at the base.
A herb. See Polygonym plebeium for Tasmanian reference by Curtis
Ovary 1–1.5 × 1.5–2 mm; styles 3, free, almost sessile.
Stamens 6, as long as the perianth; filaments filiform.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Waste places and roadsides, common throughout Britain.
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It is a temperate plant.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 1-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

Uses dye environmental use experimental purposes medicinal
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Love Medicine (root), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Veterinary Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -25
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Polygonum arenastrum habit picture by M Ch (cc-by-sa)
Polygonum arenastrum habit picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)
Polygonum arenastrum habit picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Polygonum arenastrum leaf picture by dani ta (cc-by-sa)
Polygonum arenastrum leaf picture by M. Jacobi (cc-by-sa)
Polygonum arenastrum leaf picture by M Ch (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Polygonum arenastrum flower picture by Boris Turk (cc-by-sa)
Polygonum arenastrum flower picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Polygonum arenastrum flower picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Polygonum arenastrum world distribution map, present in Belarus, China, Germany, Estonia, Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Latvia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Ukraine, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:695383-1
WFO ID wfo-0000488339
COL ID 4L93K
BDTFX ID 51360
INPN ID 114655
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Polygonum aequale Polygonum acetosellum Polygonum calcatum Polygonum propinquum Polygonum ebracteatum Polygonum microspermum Polygonum montereyense Polygonum aviculare subsp. aequale Polygonum arenastrum subsp. microspermum Polygonum arenastrum subsp. calcatum Polygonum aviculare subsp. calcatum Polygonum arenastrum