Plants medium to robust, dark green to brownish with age, in loose or rather dense, tall tufts, often in extensive patches. Stems (2-)5-10(-70) cm, stiffly erect to decumbent, mostly simple or rarely forked, bracteate proxi-mally, densely to rather distantly leafy. Leaves 6-8(-12) mm, erect or erect-spreading when dry, flexuose, with distinctly recurved tips, spreading to broadly recurved when moist, or the blade sharply squarrose-reflexed from the base; sheath oblong to elliptic, involute-tubular and clasping the stem, often golden yellow and highly nitid, abruptly contracted to the narrowly lanceolate blade; marginal lamina plane or erect, narrow, 2-3(-7) cells wide, toothed from the base of blade to the apex, the teeth unicellular, embedded in the margin; costa toothed abaxially near the apex, excurrent, ending in short, rough awn; lamellae crenulate in profile, 5-9 cells high, the margin distinctly grooved as seen from above, with 2 rows of paired, projecting knobs, the marginal cells in section narrow or more typically enlarged and wider than those beneath, retuse to deeply notched (rarely divided by a vertical partition), ± thick-walled and brownish, smooth; sheath cells 60-90 × 10-13 µm, elongate-rectangular to linear (as much as 20:1), narrower toward the margins; cells of the marginal lamina 10-15 µm wide, subquadrate. Sexual condition dioicous; perichaetial leaves with a long, scarious-margined sheath and blade greatly reduced, gradually narrowed to a finely acuminate tip, the margins toothed, denticulate to subentire, the costa short-to long-excurrent, roughened to almost smooth. Seta 5-9 cm, stout, yellowish to reddish brown. Capsule 3-6 mm, short-rectangular to cubic, brown to dark reddish brown, glaucous when fresh, sharply 4-alate, inclined to horizontal; peristome 250 µm, divided to 0.6, the teeth 64, pale. Calyptra golden yellow to brownish, completely enveloping the capsule. Spores 5-8(-12) µm.
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Stems to 18 cm tall. Leaves appressed when dry, distinctly squarrose when moist, 6.1-10.2 mm long; lamina 0.5-0.8 mm wide, abaxial cells with distinctly incrassate outer walls; margin serrate with large sharp unicellular teeth, tightly upcurved, unistratose, 4-8 cells wide; sheathing base gradually widened; costa excurrent, with apical abaxial teeth; lamellae 34-52, on adaxial surface of blade, 5-10 cells high, ± straight to slightly crenate by upper margin, with apical cells retuse in cross-section and with an incrassate outer wall. Urn 3.1-6.2 mm long, 1.6-3.5 mm wide. Spores 6-11 µm diam.
Plants large, in tufts. Stems stiff, 25-233 mm long. Leaves rigid, scale-like below, loosely appressed when dry, erect-spreading and recurved when wet, 8-12 mm long, linear-lanceolate; apex acuminate; base oblong, sheathing, shiny; margins narrow, erect, coarsely dentate; costa excurrent as long, dentate awn; lamellae 5-8 cells high, terminal cell bilobed. Upper laminal cells subquadrate, hexagonal or rectangular. Capsule 4-angled, box-like, with distinct apophysis. Calyptra hairy.
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