Populus alba L.

White poplar (en), Peuplier blanc (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Salicaceae > Populus

Characteristics

Tree to c. 25 m high, usually spreading, suckering profusely. Bark grey, rather smooth to shallowly fissured. Shoots white-tomentose, terete. Buds white, with appressed tomentum, not viscid. Young lvs not aromatic. Petiole 1.5-5 cm long, white-tomentose, slightly compressed. Lamina on vegetative shoots 3-10 × 2-9.5 cm, ± deltoid, with 3-5 lobulate or toothed primary lobes; lamina on adult shoots smaller, ovate, ovate-oblong or suborbicular, lobed or strongly toothed, always white, loosely tomentose below and at first above, later glabrous or nearly so on upper surface, green and shining; margin lacking translucent band; base truncate, rounded or subcordate, glandless; apex obtuse or rounded. Catkins ♀, ± pendent, 2-8 cm long at anthesis. Rachis villous. Bracts 3-3.5 mm long, membranous, shining, brown in upper part, incised to shallowly toothed, prominently long-ciliate. Cup-shaped disc 0.5-0.8 mm deep, glabrous or somewhat villous; margin slightly sinuate. Ovary glabrous; stigmas slender, whitish. Capsule containing dense, white, cottony hairs, especially towards base.
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Trees to 30 m tall, suckering freely; crown broad. Branchlets at first white tomentose; shoots grayish green or brownish, terete, densely white tomentose. Buds russet, ovoid, 4-5 mm, densely white tomentose, glabrescent, shiny. Leaves of short branchlets with petiole slightly flattened, ca. as long as leaf blade; leaf blade ovate-orbicular or elliptic-ovate, 4-8 × 2-5 cm, both surfaces tomentose. Leaves of sprouts and long shoots ovate-orbicular, middle lobe much larger than lateral ones, 4-10 × 3-8 cm, adaxially white tomentose at first, somewhat glabrescent, base broadly cuneate, rounded, truncate, or subcordate, palmately 3-5-lobed; margin irregularly notched; lateral lobes spreading nearly obtusely, entire or notched-lobed. Male catkin 3-6 cm. Male flower: stamens 8-10. Female catkin 5-10 cm. Female flower: stipe short; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule narrowly conical, ca. 5 mm, glabrous, 2-valved. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May.
Has been grown as an ornamental in Kenya: Navaisha District, Kitiri [Kitini], 17 Jan. 1955, D.G.B. Leakey H12/55!, said by collector to be spreading.. Tree to 30 m... Twigs, buds and petioles white-tomentose.. Immature leaves large, ovate, 3–5-lobed, coarsely toothed, 6–12 cm. long, width slightly less, mature leaves smaller, ovate-elliptical or oblong-elliptical, often wider than long, sinuate-dentate; both forms with ± acute apex, rounded or subcordate base, dark green above, densely white tomentose beneath.. Male inflorescence 6 cm. long or more; bracts broadly ovate or oblong; flowers crowded, sessile; disc entire, with undulate or shallowly irregularly lobed margin; stamens 6–10.. Female inflorescence similar but shorter; ovary narrowly ovoid, up to 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, stigmas 4, linear, 0.7–1 mm. long.. Capsule narrowly ovoid 2–3 mm. long.
Erect tree to c. 20 m; main branches (‘long shoots’) erect or the lower ones broadly spreading; ultimate branches (‘short shoots’) slow growing with very short internodes; bark smooth, pale grey, dark-fissured toward base with age. Leaves on long shoots triangular-ovate, to l2 cm long, palmately 3–5-lobed, thc lobes coarsely dentate, deep dull green above; petiole and lower surface of lamina densely white-woolly; leaves on short shoots ovate-elliptic, coarsely sinuately dentate, sometimes glabrescent beneath. Catkins nodding, purplish, 3.5–6 cm long, elongating in fruit; floral bracts shallowly few-dentate, hirsute on back. Stamens 6–10. Ovary stipitate; stigmas 2, each deeply bilobed. Fruit to c. 3 mm long, 2-valved.
A broad spreading tree. It grows to 20-30 m high. The bark is dark grey-green and cracked. The branches are twisted. The young shoots are covered with thick white felt. The leaves are alternate. The leaves are dark green with a silvery and downy underside. They are 10 cm long by 7.5 cm wide. They can be maple like with 3-5 lobes and a wavy or slightly lobed edge. Leaves turn yellow in autumn, then fall. The leaf stalks are flattened and flexible. The flowers are separately male and female on separate trees. They are catkins. Male flowers are crimson and female flowers are green. The plant produces many suckers.
Trees with whitish-gray bark and mostly widely spreading branches; terminal bud and young twigs tomentose; lvs white-tomentose beneath, palmately 3–7-lobed on long shoots, ovate and irregularly dentate on short ones; stamens 6–10; stigmas 2, bifid, filiform; fr narrowly ovoid, the pedicel 1–2 mm; seeds (1)2(3) per placenta; 2n=38, 57. Native of Eurasia, commonly planted, and occasionally escaped. A columnar form is cv. ‘Bolleana’ (P. bolleana)
Deciduous tree, up to 30 m high. Twigs, buds and underside of leaves white-tomentose. Catkins 80-100 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 7.25
Mature height (meter) 24.4 - 30.0
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.6
Root diameter (meter) 1.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to N. Africa, C. and W. Asia and Europe. It grows well near the sea. It likes lime. It suits hardiness zones 3-10. Tasmania Herbarium. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Cultivated throughout most of southern Australia;frequently naturalised, mainly in low-lying, poorly drained ground, e.g. riverbanks, roadside depressions.
Woods and watersides.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The leaves are boiled then eaten with oil and salt. The inner bark is used as a substitute for flour in making bread. The seed 'cotton' has been chewed.
Uses dye environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal oil wood
Edible barks leaves
Therapeutic use Cold Remedy (bark), Tonic (bark), Blood Medicine (bark), Unspecified (bark), Anorexia (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Anti-infective agents, local (bark), Anti-inflammatory agents (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Antirheumatic agents (bark), Arthritis (bark), Cystitis (bark), Diuretics (bark), Hematologic diseases (bark), Liver diseases (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Urination disorders (bark), Urologic diseases (bark), Blood Medicine (root), Unspecified (root), Love Medicine (unspecified), Antirheumatic (External) (unspecified), Panacea (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Caries (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Complexion (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flux (unspecified), Goiter (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Revulsive (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Strangury (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Bitter-Principle (unspecified), Bones (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Hematochezia (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. They can also be grown from root suckers and from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings suckers
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Populus alba habit picture by Maise Carreras (cc-by-sa)
Populus alba habit picture by Omar MOUTAL (cc-by-sa)
Populus alba habit picture by Kampf Robert (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Populus alba leaf picture by Carmen Carmen Clemente (cc-by-sa)
Populus alba leaf picture by philippe SOUQUIERES (cc-by-sa)
Populus alba leaf picture by philippe SOUQUIERES (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Populus alba flower picture by Florence Bihet (cc-by-sa)
Populus alba flower picture by Willy Gassner (cc-by-sa)
Populus alba flower picture by Maurizio Azzini (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Populus alba fruit picture by Simone Weber (cc-by-sa)
Populus alba fruit picture by johanna (cc-by-sa)
Populus alba fruit picture by Nicolas (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Populus alba world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Populus alba threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:776573-1
WFO ID wfo-0000928384
COL ID 4LVJ5
BDTFX ID 51965
INPN ID 115110
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Leuce alba Populus alba Populus aegyptiaca Populus bolleana Populus hickeliana Populus nivea Populus nivea Populus major Populus pseudonivea Populus alba var. alba Populus alba var. nivea Populus alba var. bolleana

Lower taxons

Populus alba var. pyramidalis