Populus nigra L.

Black poplar (en), Peuplier noir (fr), Peuplier commun noir (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Salicaceae > Populus

Characteristics

Trees to 30 m tall; bark dull gray, furrowed when older; crown broadly ovoid. Branchlets yellowish, terete, glabrous. Buds russet, ovoid, very viscid. Petiole ca. as long as or longer than leaf blade, laterally flattened, glabrous; leaf blade rhombic, rhombic-ovoid, or deltoid, 5-10 × 4-8 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially greenish, adaxially green, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, rarely truncate, margin crenate-serrate, ciliate, apex long acuminate. Flower buds outwardly curved at apex. Male catkin 5-6 cm; rachis glabrous; bracts brownish, 3-4 mm, membranous, laciniate. Male flower: stamens 15-30; anthers purplish red. Fruiting catkin 5-10 cm. Female flower: ovary ovoid, glabrous, stipitate; stigmas 2. Capsule ovoid, 5-7 × 3-4 mm, 2-valved, stipitate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun. 2n = ?19*, 38*, 57.
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Tall tree with dull gray branches and dark, furrowed bark on older trunks; petioles distinctly flattened; winter buds resinous; lvs pubescent when young, finely toothed, the teeth to ca 1 mm deep, more spreading than in no. 9 [Populus deltoides Marshall], only slightly or not at all incurved; lvs of short shoots rhomboid-ovate, with cuneate base, of long shoots broadly deltoid-ovate, truncate at base, abruptly pointed; floral disk 1–2 mm wide, stamens 20–30; stigmas 2, broadly dilated; frs ovoid, 7–9 mm, twice as long as the pedicels, with 4–8 seeds per placenta; 2n=38. Native of Eurasia, frequently planted, and occasionally escaped. The Lombardy poplar is a common horticultural form with erect branches, forming a long, columnar crown. (P. italica; P. nigra var. italica; P. dilatata)
Tree to 20 m high (more in cultivation), columnar or fastigiate. Bark rough, fissured. Branchlets light grey. Young shoots glabrous or puberulent. Buds and very young lvs viscid, glabrous. Young lvs not aromatic. Petiole 1.5-6 cm long, compressed, sometimes puberulent when young. Lamina 2.5-9 × 2-11 cm, rhombic-deltoid to rhombic, glabrous, green above and below; margin with narrow translucent border, crenate or crenate-serrate; base truncate to cuneate, glandless; apex usually cuspidate or acuminate. Catkins ♂, pendulous, to 7 cm long; scales at base to c. 2.3 cm long. Rachis glabrous, white. Bracts strongly laciniate, 2-2.5 mm long excluding the subulate teeth, glabrous, white. Cup-shaped disc 2-3 mm deep, oblique, glabrous. Stamens 15-30; anthers light to deep crimson.
Tree, 3-30 m high, terminal buds present; winter buds with several unequal outer scales; habitat narrowly columnar with erect branches. Leaves alternate; deltoid to broadly rhombic, dentate; petioles flattened. Inflorescences pendulous, odourless catkins, appearing before leaves. Flowers unisexual, anemophilous; borne in axil of a serrate or laciniate bract; perianth reduced to a cup-like disc. Male flowers with 4-30 or more stamens; filaments free; anthers 2-thecous, oblong to ovate, red. Female flowers none. Flowering time Sept.-Nov. Fruit none.
A large tree. It grows 30 m high and spreads 18 m wide. It has a round crown and a thick straight trunk. The bark is grey and knotted and gnarled. The leaves are triangle shaped. They are 4-7.5 cm long and wide. They have a long point at the tip. They are wavy and have teeth along the edge. They are green above and paler underneath. They turn yellow in autumn. The leaf stalks are slender and flattened and 2.5-5 cm long. The flowers are catkins 5 cm long. They are narrow and droop.
Columnar tree to 30 m; branches erect, fastigate; bark rough, grey, strongly furrowed, developing round ‘burrs’ (the remains of dense clusters of epicormic twigs) with age. Buds very sticky. Leaves broadly triangular to rhombic, 4–8 cm long, 4–10 cm wide, glabrous; margins closely but obtusely dentate, with narrow translucent marginal band, the teeth gland-tipped. Male catkins 5–7 cm long, lax; stamens 20–30; floral bracts laciniate, caducous.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 11.0 - 13.0
Mature height (meter) 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in moist soil in temperate regions. In Pakistan it grows up to 4,000 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 2-10. Tasmania Herbarium. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Moist ground in woods and by streams.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 2-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

Uses environmental use essential oil material medicinal wood
Edible barks
Therapeutic use Depurative (bark), Anti-infective agents, local (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Common cold (plant exudate), Hemorrhoids (stem), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cancer(Prostate) (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hair-Tonic (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Prostatitis (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from cuttings or root sprouts.
Mode cuttings seedlings suckers
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Populus nigra habit picture by Anna Mercuriali (cc-by-sa)
Populus nigra habit picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)
Populus nigra habit picture by sonicor (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Populus nigra leaf picture by Manuel de Buenaga (cc-by-sa)
Populus nigra leaf picture by Nastouilles B (cc-by-sa)
Populus nigra leaf picture by bastian morichon (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Populus nigra flower picture by Patrick P (cc-by-sa)
Populus nigra flower picture by Fishold Ben (cc-by-sa)
Populus nigra flower picture by Gincko (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Populus nigra fruit picture by vince Lhypno (cc-by-sa)
Populus nigra fruit picture by lancioni andrea (cc-by-sa)
Populus nigra fruit picture by Joffrey Joffrey (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Populus nigra world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kazakhstan, Korea (Republic of), Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Latvia, Morocco, Mexico, North Macedonia, Myanmar, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:776790-1
WFO ID wfo-0000928297
COL ID 4LVNQ
BDTFX ID 52030
INPN ID 115145
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Populus dilatata Populus thevestina Populus neapolitana Populus nigra Populus italica Populus pyramidalis Aigiros nigra Populus flexibilis Populus sosnowskyi Populus caudina Populus fastigiata var. plantierensis Populus nigra var. elegans Populus nigra var. italica Populus nigra var. caudina Populus nigra var. neapolitana Populus nigra var. thevestina Populus nigra var. nigra Populus nigra subsp. flexibilis Populus nigra subsp. pyramidalis

Lower taxons

Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia