Trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 50 cm d.b.h.; bark grayish green when young, dark gray on old trees, furrowed; crown subrounded. Branchlets of young trees and sprouts usually russet, becoming yellowish brown, conspicuously angled; branchlets of old trees terete, slender, glabrous. Buds brown, elongate, viscid, apex acuminate. Petiole yellowish green or reddish, terete, 0.5-4 cm; leaf blade rhombic-ovate, rhombic-elliptic, or rhombic-obovate, 3-12 × 2-8 cm, broadest above middle, abaxially grayish green or slightly white, adaxially brightly greenish, glabrous, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or narrowly rounded, margin serrulate, apex abruptly acute or acuminate. Male catkin 2-7 cm; rachis glabrous; bracts greenish, laciniate, lobes brown, glabrous. Male flower: stamens 8-9(-25). Female catkin 2.5-6 cm, to 15 cm in fruit. Female flower: stigma 2-lobed. Capsule small, glabrous or pubescent, 2(or 3)-valved. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Apr-Jun. 2n = 38*
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A small tree. It grows 24-30 m high and spreads 8 m wide. It has a narrow crown. The tips of the branches hang down. The young twigs and leaf stalks are red. The leaves are green and 10 cm long.
River valleys, by streams etc, often in sandy soils. Mountains, plains, alluvial deposits and valleys from near sea level to 3000 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. It suits hardiness zones 2-9.
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