Prosopis velutina Wooton

Velvet mesquite (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Prosopis

Characteristics

Tree to 6 m tall; vegetative parts ± pubescent; spines paired, 8–22 (–40) mm long. Leaves grey-green; petiole 9–40 mm long; rachis (when present) 24–42 mm long; pinnae mostly 1-or 2-jugate, very rarely in some leaves 3-jugate, 3.5–6 (–9.5) cm long; leaflets 11–21-jugate, narrowly oblong or sometimes slightly oblanceolate, obtuse, relatively rigid, coriaceous, lying flat when dry, 6–12 mm long, 1.8–3.7 mm wide, 3–4.5 times as long as wide, ciliolate; internodes of the pinnae axes 2–4.5 mm long. Racemes 5–11 cm long. Calyx pubescent on the outside, ciliolate. Pod straight or slightly curved, with undulate margins, 7–18 cm long, 6–10 mm wide, yellow, sometimes with reddish brown markings or completely reddish brown, velutinous when young and hairy even with age.
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Shrub or small tree up to 3 m high armed with paired straight spines 1-2 cm long. Leaves bipinnate; petioles and rhachillae sparingly to densely pubescent; with 1 pinna pair; leaflets 13-20 pairs per pinna, 6-13 x 2-4 mm, venation usually fairly conspicuous on the lower surface, with marginal cilia. Inflorescence an axillary spike, axes densely pubescent; flowers sessile, yellow. Ovary densely pilose. Pod straight or slightly falcate, 10-20 cm long, 0.8-1 cm wide, somewhat compressed, margin slightly constricted between the seeds, segments oblique, finely longitudinally venose, beaked apically.
A medium sized tree. It grows 4.5-12 m high and spreads 4.5-12 m wide. The bark is smooth and dark brown. The branches are velvety and covered with spines. The leaves are compound. They are narrow and dull green. They have 2-3 leaflets and each of these have 15-20 pairs of small leaflets. They have fine hairs over them. The flowers are yellow or green and are in clusters. The fruit are brown pods. They are 7-22 cm long by 7-12 mm wide.
Perennial, multi-stemmed tree or shrub (thorntree-like), 1-6 m high; armed with paired straight spines. Leaves bipinnately compound in pairs, greyish green to dark green. Leaflets small, pubescent, oblong. Inflorescences: axillary spikes. Flowers yellow. Flowering time June-Nov. Pod slender, linear to slightly curved, woody.
Like P. glandulosa (and hybridising with it) but all parts, at least when young, covered with short velvety hairs, leaflets small (6-13 mm long) and closely spaced, pod yellowish, ± straight to markedly curved.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.25 - 7.0
Mature height (meter) 3.75 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 5.0
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Desert washes and plains, commonly invading extensively and/or over-exploited degraded grasslands, wastelands, watercourses,; growing in a very wide range of soils and site types from sand dunes to cracking clays; elevations up to 1,700 metres.
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It grows in warm temperate places. It can grow in dry salty soils. It grows between 150-1,700 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It grows in the Sonoran Desert. It suits hardiness zones 8-11.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The pods are used as food. They are also stored for later use. The gum is chewed. It is also dried, ground, boiled and cooled then eaten as a candy. The seeds are winnowed, parched, and ground into flour for bread or cakes. The inner bark is used as a substitute for rennet. The flower catkins are sucked for their sweet taste. The pods are crushed and soaked and used to make a drink.
Uses beverage charcoal dye environmental use fiber food fuel gum medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits pods seeds
Therapeutic use Cathartic (bark), Emetic (bark), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Analgesic (leaf), Eye Medicine (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (leaf), Antidiarrheal (root), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Burn Dressing (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Disinfectant (unspecified), Eye Medicine (unspecified), Oral Aid (unspecified), Other (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 23 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Prosopis velutina habit picture by Ethan Greer (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Prosopis velutina leaf picture by Allen Heinemann (cc-by-sa)
Prosopis velutina leaf picture by Heather Van Shaar (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Prosopis velutina flower picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Prosopis velutina fruit picture by Heather Van Shaar (cc-by-sa)
Prosopis velutina fruit picture by Heather Van Shaar (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Prosopis velutina world distribution map, present in Australia, Ghana, Mexico, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Prosopis velutina threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:210481-2
WFO ID wfo-0000169601
COL ID 4MW85
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Neltuma velutina Prosopis juliflora var. velutina Prosopis chilensis var. velutina Prosopis velutina