Prunus africana (Hook.F.) Kalkman

Red stinkwood (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Prunus

Characteristics

Tree or shrub, up to 25 m high; much branched. Leaves elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to rarely rounded, apex obtuse to subacuminate, margins coarsely crenate-serrate to subentire with dark glandular dots; petioles channelled. Stipules linear, caducous. Inflorescence: solitary racemes, 7-15-flowered; bracts triangular; perianth (4)5(6)-merous; calyx tube cyathiform, fleshy, glabrous outside, usually hairy inside; calyx lobes triangular; petals elliptic to oblong, reflexed, hairy abaxially especially towards their margins and sometimes adaxially also; stamens 25-35; filaments glabrous; anthers didymous; ovary ovoid, sparsely long-haired; style sparsely hairy; stigma peltate, slightly 2-or 3-lobed. Flowering time Apr.-Nov. Fruit transversely ellipsoid, slightly 2-lobed.
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Leaves petiolate; lamina (4)6–11(15) x 2–4(5·5) cm., elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, the apex obtuse to subacuminate, the base broadly cuneate to rarely rounded, margins coarsely crenate-serrate to subentire with dark glandular dots in the incisions (the most proximal gland on one or both margins of the leaf sometimes conspicuous); petiole 1–2 cm. long, channelled, often reddish; stipules ± linear, 1·5–2·0 cm. long, caducous.
Evergreen tree, up to 24 m high; unarmed. Leaves simple; blade ovate to elliptic, 50-110 x 25-40 mm, margins finely toothed, dark green and glossy above, paler below; petioles pinkish, 10-20 mm long. Flowers: white; Dec.-Jun. Fruit spherical, ± 10 mm in diameter, cherry-red.
Racemes usually solitary, 2–5(8) cm. long, 7–15-flowered, arising from the axils of scales at the base of lateral shoots which may also produce leaves in their upper part; peduncle usually 5–10 mm. long; pedicels (3)5–7(10) mm. long; bracts triangular, small, soon caducous.
An evergreen tree. It grows 25 m wide. The trunk can be 1 m across. It can be 10 m before branching. The crown is round. The limbs are large. The bark is almost black and very rough. The flowers are greenish-white. The fruit are purple.
Calyx-tube ± cyathiform, (3·0)3·5–4·0(5·0) mm. in diameter at the mouth, rather fleshy, glabrous outside, usually hairy inside; calyx-lobes 1–1·5 mm. long, triangular, glabrous except for the ciliate apex.
Evergreen tree, up to 24 m high. Leaves simple, ovate to elliptic, dark green and glossy above, paler below, margin finely toothed, petiole pinkish. Fruit spherical, 10 mm in diameter. Flowers white.
Fruit 5–8 x 8–12 mm., transversely ellipsoid, broader than long, slightly didymous and thus appearing as if 2-locular, dry, usually glabrous, red to purplish-brown.
Petals up to 2 mm. long, creamy-white, elliptic to oblong, reflexed, hairy abaxially especially towards their margins and sometimes adaxially also.
A much-branched evergreen tree c. 10 (up to 25) m. high, or rarely a shrub 3–5 m. tall, entirely glabrous except for the flowers.
Ovary ± ovoid, sparsely longhaired; style c. 1·5 mm. long, sparsely haired; stigma peltate, slightly 2-or 3-lobed.
Stamens 25–35; filaments c. 1·5 mm. long, glabrous; anthers didymous, 0·5–1·0 mm. long.
Tree to 24 m. Leaves elliptic, toothed. Flowers in axillary racemes, white, fragrant.
Perianth (4)5(6)-merous, sometimes irregularly so.
Bark dark brown to grey, rugged.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 24.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Upland rain-forest, montane and riverine forests; moist evergreen forest; on termitaria in Brachystegia woodland; edge of dry gallery forest; mixed Podocarpus latifolius forest with Olea capensis subsp. hochstetteri, Zyzygium, etc.
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It is an tropical plant. It grows in evergreen forest and mountain areas in West Africa. It is recorded up to 2,100 m above sea level in Nigeria.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses animal food environmental use food fuel green manure material medicinal ornamental poison timber wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (bark), Cathartics (bark), Inflammation (root), Kidney diseases (root), Disorder of prostate (root), Inflammation (stem), Kidney diseases (stem), Disorder of prostate (stem)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 120 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 18
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Prunus africana unspecified picture
Prunus africana unspecified picture

Distribution

Prunus africana world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Prunus africana threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:729417-1
WFO ID wfo-0000995790
COL ID 4N8N2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pygeum africanum Prunus africana