Prunus laurocerasus L.

Cherry-laurel (en), Laurier-cerise (fr), Laurier-palme (fr), Prunier laurier-cerise (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Prunus

Characteristics

Evergreen, wide spreading shrub or tree, up to c. 10 m high when mature, not armed, glabrous or almost so; trunks often several, usually short, often forming large thickets. Lf petiole 5-10-(12) mm long; blade coriaceous, oblanceolate to narrow-elliptic or narrow-oblong, (75)-90-150-(180) × (23)-30-50-(55) mm, acute to very short-acuminate but often splitting at tip and appearing emarginate, especially when dried, cuneate to rounded at base, shining above with prominent paler veins, less shining below; margin somewhat recurved, ± entire toward base, with distant, short, acute teeth toward apex; stipules long-triangular, deciduous. Infl. an axillary or terminal, erect, dense raceme (80)-100-(120) mm long, with 20-30-(35) fragrant fls; pedicels 2-2.5-(5) mm long, elongating slightly after anthesis. Hypanthium broad; sepals broadly triangular, c. 1 mm long, acute, green, ± erect. Petals 5, spreading, orbicular, 2.5-5 × 2-4 mm, rounded, greenish white to cream. Stamens > petals; filaments pale. Fr. c. 10 mm long, ovoid, glabrous, dark purple, very bitter; stone smooth.
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Shrubs or trees, sometimes suckering, 20–60(–100) dm, not thorny. Twigs with terminal end buds, glabrous. Leaves persistent; petiole 5–15 mm, glabrous, eglandular; blade elliptic to obovate, 6–18 × 3–7 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins remotely serrulate or nearly entire, teeth blunt, glandular, apex abruptly short-acuminate, ?apicula acute?, surfaces glabrous, ?abaxial glandular, glands 1–several, proximal, flat, circular to oval?. Inflorescences 26–32-flowered, racemes; central axes (35–)55–130 mm, ?leafless at bases?. Pedicels 1–5 mm, glabrous. Flowers blooming before leaf emergence; hypanthium cupulate, 3–4 mm, glabrous externally; sepals spreading, triangular, 0.7–1.2 mm, margins usually entire, sometimes with deciduous glands, ?ciliate in spots?, surfaces glabrous or hairy; petals white, obovate or broadly elliptic to suborbiculate, 3–5 mm; ovaries glabrous. Drupes deep purple-red to nearly black, ovoid to conic-ovoid, 13–17 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy to leathery; stones ovoid, not flattened.
An evergreen shrub or tree. It grows 5-10 m high and spreads 6-9 m wide. It is a broad spreading tree. The bark is grey-brown and smooth. The leaves are oblong and 20 cm long by 6 cm wide. The leaves are alternate. They are glossy dark green above and pale green underneath. They are leathery and pointed. They have small wavy teeth. The leaf stalks are thick. The crushed leaves have the smell of almonds. The flowers are small and white. They are 8 mm across. They occur in erect heads 12 cm long. These are in the axils of leaves. The flowers have a scent. The fruit are small cherries which turn from red to black. They are 1.2 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 6.0 - 9.0
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to S.W. Asia and E. Europe. It is frost hardy. It is tolerant of shade. It grows on most soils except chalk soils. It suits hardiness zones 7-10. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Woods in Britain. Riparian thickets, shaded ravines, understory of urban and second-growth forests; at elevations up to 600 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

CAUTION: The leaves can contain prussic acid. This is removed by boiling and changing the water. The fruit are eaten raw and used in jam. The thick glossy leaves have a flavour like bitter almond and are used in cooking. They flavour dessert puddings. They can be used for tea.
Uses dye environmental use food material medicinal oil ornamental pharmaceutical poison spice tea wood
Edible barks fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Anodyne (unspecified), Antitussive (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (seed), toxic (leaf), toxic (fruit)
Animal toxicity strong toxic (seed), strong toxic (leaf), strong toxic (fruit)

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 120 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 11 - 13
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -17
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Prunus laurocerasus habit picture by Jim Beam (cc-by-sa)
Prunus laurocerasus habit picture by Gilles Istin (cc-by-sa)
Prunus laurocerasus habit picture by Bernard Boutin (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Prunus laurocerasus leaf picture by Rota Valentina (cc-by-sa)
Prunus laurocerasus leaf picture by patricia Gontier (cc-by-sa)
Prunus laurocerasus leaf picture by Luis José Presa Abella (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Prunus laurocerasus flower picture by Mayette Ostonal (cc-by-sa)
Prunus laurocerasus flower picture by Sieradzki Mark (cc-by-sa)
Prunus laurocerasus flower picture by Christian Noël (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Prunus laurocerasus fruit picture by Olivier Amblet (cc-by-sa)
Prunus laurocerasus fruit picture by Jemma Morris (cc-by-sa)
Prunus laurocerasus fruit picture by Olivier Amblet (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Prunus laurocerasus world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, Switzerland, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Croatia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Tajikistan, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Conservation status

Prunus laurocerasus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:324745-2
WFO ID wfo-0001016516
COL ID 4N8Y3
BDTFX ID 53544
INPN ID 116089
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Prunus grandifolia Laurocerasus ottinii Laurocerasus vulgaris Laurocerasus otinii Cerasus laurocerasus Prunus laurocerasus Laurocerasus officinalis Padus laurocerasus Cerasus laurocerasus Lauro-cerasus officinalis Lauro-cerasus ottinii