Prunus mahaleb L.

Saint lucie cherry (en), Amarel (fr), Bois de sainte lucie (fr), Bois de Sainte-Lucie (fr), Prunier de Sainte-Lucie (fr), Cerisier de Sainte-Lucie (fr), Prunier mahaleb (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Prunus

Characteristics

Deciduous, densely leafy and rounded small tree or large shrub, up to 6-(10) m high when mature, not armed; trunk short. Lf petiole (6)-8-10 mm long, glabrous; blade thin, broadly elliptic-oblong to orbicular, (16)-20-35 × 15-32 mm, short-apiculate, rounded to slightly attenuate at base, glabrous and slightly shiny on upper surface, with scattered, sparse hairs on lower surface, the hairs denser near base; marginal teeth with small dark cusp; stipules short-triangular, deciduous. Infl. a raceme of (3)-8-12-(14) fragrant fls, on a very short to subsessile lateral shoot, 20-30-(50) mm long, arching; pedicels (3)-6-12-(16) mm long, glabrous, subtended by minute bracts. Hypanthium campanulate; sepals oblong to triangular, 1-2 mm long, rounded at apex, glabrous, greenish, becoming reflexed. Petals 5, spreading, oblong, (3)-4-5-(7) × 2-4 mm, ± rounded, white. Stamens ± = petals; filaments white. Fr. 6-8 × 5-7 mm, globose, glabrous, dark reddish, finally glossy black, very bitter; stone smooth.
More
Shrubs or trees, not suckering, 30–150 dm, not thorny. Twigs with terminal end buds, densely puberulent. Leaves deciduous; petiole 4–20 mm, glabrous or ± puberulent on adaxial surface, sometimes glandular distally, glands 1–2, ?discoid?; blade broadly ovate, oblong, or suborbiculate, 1.9–4.5 × 1.2–3.4 cm, base usually rounded to truncate, sometimes subcordate, margins crenate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex abruptly acuminate, ?apicula obtuse?, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes midribs and veins hairy abaxially. Inflorescences 4–10-flowered, corymbs; central axes 8–40 mm. Pedicels 6–18 mm (subtended by leafy bracts), glabrous. Flowers blooming at leaf emergence; hypanthium conic-campanulate, 2–3 mm, glabrous externally; sepals reflexed, oblong, 1.3–2 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous; petals white, elliptic to obovate, 6–7 mm; ovaries glabrous. Drupes dark red to black, ovoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous; mesocarps leathery; stones ellipsoid to subglobose, ± flattened. 2n = 16.
Shrub or tree to 10 m, with widely spreading branches; young twigs glandular-puberulent; lvs broadly ovate to orbicular, 3–7 cm, more than half as wide, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded to subcordate at base, finely serrate, the gland near the sinus; corymbs on short, leafy-bracted branches, 4–10-fld, with a distinct axis; pedicels 1–2 cm; cal and hypanthium glabrous; pet white, glabrous, 5–8 mm; fr dark red to black, bitter, 6 mm thick; stone subglobose; 2n=16. Native of Europe, occasionally escaped from cult. in our range.
A spreading deciduous tree. It grows about 12 m high. The leaves are 6 cm long and oval. They have fine teeth around the edge. The leaves are bright green. The flowers are single and white. The fruit is green and 10 mm across. The fruit ripen to black. The kernels are light brown. They are tear shaped and 5 mm long. They are creamy-white inside.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 9.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 13.0
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry hillsides, thickets and open woods. Roadsides, stream banks, limestone bluffs and quarries, lowland thickets and woods, fencerows, chaparral; at elevations up to 2,300 metres.
More
Temperate. It grows in northern China. In Argentina it grows between 500-1,000 m above sea level. Arboretum Tasmania.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

The husked kernels are used as a spice. They are used to flavour bread, biscuits, cakes and pastries. They are also used to make a herbal tea. The seeds are used to flavour cheese. The fruit can be used cooked in pies. The leaves are used to flavour sauces.
Uses drinks dye environmental use food gene source hedge material medicinal ornamental perfumery recultivation rootstock spice tea wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Freckles (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Scorpion stings (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Debility (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Fumitory (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Liqueur (unspecified), Perfume (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Sclerosis (unspecified)
Human toxicity weak toxic (seed), weak toxic (leaf), weak toxic (fruit)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 120 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Prunus mahaleb habit picture by 🌌 lolium (cc-by-sa)
Prunus mahaleb habit picture by philoup (cc-by-sa)
Prunus mahaleb habit picture by Geoffrey Kahala (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Prunus mahaleb leaf picture by Надежда Надежда (cc-by-sa)
Prunus mahaleb leaf picture by Josef Teč (cc-by-sa)
Prunus mahaleb leaf picture by Fausto Pachera (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Prunus mahaleb flower picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Prunus mahaleb flower picture by Arellano Juan (cc-by-sa)
Prunus mahaleb flower picture by melody belgherbi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Prunus mahaleb fruit picture by anthony gigout (cc-by-sa)
Prunus mahaleb fruit picture by Tomaž Jančar (cc-by-sa)
Prunus mahaleb fruit picture by Glenn L (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Prunus mahaleb world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, France, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Conservation status

Prunus mahaleb threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:729931-1
WFO ID wfo-0001013325
COL ID 77ZQW
BDTFX ID 53552
INPN ID 116096
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Padus mahaleb Prunus mahaleb Cerasus mahaleb Druparia mahaleb Padellus mahaleb Cerasus corymbosa Padellus mahaleb subsp. simonkaii Cerasus mahaleb var. alpina