Prunus mexicana S.Watson

Mexican plum (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Prunus

Characteristics

Trees, rarely suckering, 30–120 dm, sparsely thorny. Twigs with axillary end buds, usually glabrous, sometimes hairy. Leaves deciduous; petiole 4–18 mm, hairy, rarely only adaxially, usually glandular distally, glands 1–2(–4); blade usually elliptic, sometimes broadly elliptic, obovate, ovate, or oblong, 6–12 × 3–7 cm, base usually obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes subcordate, margins ?coarsely?, doubly serrate, teeth sharp, eglandular, apex usually abruptly acuminate to acuminate, rarely acute, abaxial surface densely hairy, adaxial ?rugose?, glabrous or hairy. Inflorescences 2–5-flowered, umbellate fascicles. Pedicels 4–20 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy. Flowers blooming before leaf emergence; hypanthium obconic, 2–4.5 mm, glabrous or hairy externally; sepals reflexed, ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–4 mm, margins entire or irregularly or obscurely glandular-toothed, sometimes 2-fid at apices, ?ciliate?, surfaces hairy; petals white, sometimes turning pink, elliptic to obovate, 5–10 mm; ovaries glabrous. Drupes purplish red to dark blue, ?glaucous?, subglobose to ellipsoid, 15–30 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones ovoid-ellipsoid, strongly flattened.
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Tree to 12 m, not sprouting from the roots; lvs firm, oblong to oblong-obovate, 6–10 cm, abruptly acuminate, broadly rounded at base, coarsely and usually doubly serrate with broad, acuminate, ovate-triangular teeth 1–2 mm, slightly pubescent and somewhat rugose above, permanently soft-pubescent and ± reticulate-veiny beneath; petiole usually with a pair of distal glands; pedicels usually glabrous, 8–20 mm; hypanthium glabrous or sparsely pubescent; sep narrowly oblong, 2–3 mm, pubescent on both sides; pet white, 8–10 mm; fr purplish-red, glaucous, globose or ellipsoid, 2–3 cm long; stone turgid, obovoid to subglobose. Rocky open woods; Mo. and s. Ill. to Ala. and Tex., and n. Mex., with outlying stations to O., Ky. and S.D. Apr. (P. americana var. lanata)
A small tree. It has a single trunk. The crown is open. It grows 6 m tall. The trunk is 15 cm wide. The leaves are 5-11 cm long by 3-5 cm wide. They are narrowly oval with a long pointed tip. There are fine double teeth along the edge. The leaves are yellow-green above and paler underneath. There are prominent veins underneath. The leaf stalks have 1-3 gland dots near the tip. The flowers are 19 mm long with 5 rounded white petals. There are 2-4 flowers in clusters on slender stalks. The fruit is a plum. It is 1.2-2.5 cm wide. The skin is purplish-red. It has a white bloom. The flesh is sweet. The stone is large.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.15
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Open woods, rich bottoms and upland prairies in the coastal plain and adjacent provinces of south-eastern N. America. Grows on a wide range of soils.
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It is a Mediterranean climate plant. It grows up to 450 m altitude in SE region of the USA. It grows on the edge of the forest and the prairie.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The plums are eaten fresh or dried. They are also used for preserves.
Uses dye food gene source medicinal vertebrate poison wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 120 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Prunus mexicana unspecified picture

Distribution

Prunus mexicana world distribution map, present in Mexico and United States of America

Conservation status

Prunus mexicana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30012498-2
WFO ID wfo-0001013884
COL ID 6VZQZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Prunus mexicana Prunus lanata Prunus mexicana var. fultonensis Prunus mexicana var. polyandra Prunus pensylvanica var. mollis Prunus pensylvanica f. mollis Prunus americana var. lanata